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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.019</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-2973</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАЗВИТИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Положительный опыт применения биобаллистического подхода к картофелю сортов Аксор и Невский</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A positive experience in applying the biolistic approach to potato varieties Aksor and Nevskiy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5312-9674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малахова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malakhova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tasha_malakhova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скиба</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Skiba</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1989-9031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искакова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskakova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-4289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найзабаева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naizabayeva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-9737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тезекбаева</surname><given-names>Б. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tezekbaeva</surname><given-names>B. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исмагулова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismagulova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-695X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцева</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltseva</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Almaty</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М.А. Айтхожина Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан;&#13;
Институт биологии и биотехнологии растений Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry;&#13;
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М.А. Айтхожина Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан;&#13;
Институт биологии и биотехнологии растений Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан;&#13;
Филиал Национального центра биотехнологии Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry;&#13;
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology;&#13;
Almaty Branch of National Center for Biotechnology in the Central Reference Laboratory<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии и биохимии им. М.А. Айтхожина Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан;&#13;
Филиал Национального центра биотехнологии Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry;&#13;
Almaty Branch of National Center for Biotechnology in the Central Reference Laboratory<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малахова Н.П., Скиба Ю.А., Искакова Г.А., Найзабаева Д.А., Тезекбаева Б.К., Исмагулова Г.А., Мальцева Э.Р., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малахова Н.П., Скиба Ю.А., Искакова Г.А., Найзабаева Д.А., Тезекбаева Б.К., Исмагулова Г.А., Мальцева Э.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malakhova N.P., Skiba Y.A., Iskakova G.A., Naizabayeva D.A., Tezekbaeva B.K., Ismagulova G.A., Maltseva E.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2973">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2973</self-uri><abstract><p>Метод биобаллистической трансформации растений – один из наиболее современных способов, используемых для прямого переноса генов в клетки растений. К главным преимуществам этого метода относятся возможность одновременно встраивать в геном растений несколько целевых генов, проводить перенос без лишних агробактериальных участков и последовательностей плазмидной ДНК, а также короткие сроки получения трансгенных клеток. В среднем для разных объектов эффективность получения трансгенных растений баллистическим методом варьирует от 1 до 3 %. Для растений картофеля на сегодняшний момент эффективность трансформации довольно низкая, и подбор оптимальных условий проведения биобаллистики является одним из актуальных вопросов практической биотехнологии. В данной статье представлен положительный опыт внедрения двух генов интереса в два сорта картофеля с использованием подходов биобаллистики. Представлены результаты экспериментов по биобаллистической трансформации двух видов эксплантов – междоузлий и каллусов картофеля сортов Аксор и Невский. Из 862 эксплантов, подвергнутых трансформации, получено 56 растений-регенерантов. В результате скрининга трансформантов методом ПЦР выявлено одно растение со вставкой гена хитиназы, одно со вставкой гена эндо-β-1,3-глюканазы и в четырех регенерантах подтверждена котрансформация обоими генами. Средняя эффективность трансформации эксплантов картофеля составила 0.7 %. Большое число растений-регенерантов (56) по отношению к числу трансформантов (6) отражает попытку увеличить количество регенерантов использованием низких концентраций селективного агента (антибиотика канамицина). Хотя этот подход требует заметных усилий, он может применяться для получения линий картофеля со вставкой генов интереса для их дальнейшего использования в селекции. Линии картофеля, полученные в данном исследовании после внедрения двух генов, связанных с устойчивостью растений к грибным патогенам, будут в дальнейшем оцениваться на устойчивость к грибным заболеваниям и в случае успешного прохождения испытаний будут включены в селекционный отбор.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The method of biological ballistics (biolistic transformation, genetic bombardment) of plants is one of the most modern methods used for direct gene transfer into plant cells. The main advantages of this method include the ability to simultaneously incorporate several target genes into the plant genome, carry out transfer without unnecessary agrobacterial parts and plasmid DNA sequences, and the short time needed to produce transgenic cells. For different plant objects, the efficiency of obtaining transgenic plants by the ballistic method varies from 1 to 3 %. For potato plants, the transformation efficiency is quite low at the moment and the selection of optimal conditions for biolistics is one of the pressing issues of practical biotechnology. This article presents a successful experience of introducing two genes of interest into two potato varieties using the biolistic approach. The results of biolistic transformation experiments are presented for two types of explants: potato internodes and calli of the varieties Aksor and Nevskiy. Of the 862 explants used for transformation, 56 regenerated plants were obtained. PCR screening of transformants revealed one plant with the insertion of the chitinase gene, one with the insertion of the endo-β-1,3-glucanase gene, and co-transformation by both genes was confirmed in four regenerants. The average transformation efficiency for potato explants was 0.7 %. A high number of regenerants (56) as opposed to a low number of transformants (6) reflects an attempt to increase the number of regenerants by using a lower concentration of the selective agent (kanamycin). Although this approach requires more effort, it can be used to produce potato lines with integrated genes of interest for further use in crop breeding. The lines of potato obtained in the current study by introducing two genes associated with the plant response to fungal pathogens will be further assessed for their resistance to fungal diseases and, if successful, will be used in potato crop breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биобаллистическая трансформация</kwd><kwd>картофель</kwd><kwd>эксплант</kwd><kwd>междоузлия</kwd><kwd>каллусы</kwd><kwd>биотехнология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biolistic transformation</kwd><kwd>potato</kwd><kwd>explant</kwd><kwd>internodes</kwd><kwd>calli</kwd><kwd>biotechnology</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was carried out as part of research project AR05136045 “Obtaining new wheat and potato lines based on a set of innovative approaches of genetic engineering and cell technology” of Subprogram 102 “Grant funding for research” in the priority area “Life and health sciences”, and as part of research on the project “Development of biotechnology for producing potato forms with improved signs of resistance to late blight on the basis of cisgenic bio-ballistic transformation” in the framework of BR05236574 “Use of adaptive plant mechanisms in the development of modern technologies for producing crops resistant to stress factors” (О.0798).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chirkin A.P., Zhidkeeva R.E., Ismagulova G.A. 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