vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.021vavilov-2975Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВОPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITYПроблемы и возможности изучения пивоваренных признаков ячменя с использованием молекулярно-генетических подходовProblems and possibilities of studying malting quality in barley using molecular genetic approacheshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6701-6811ТрубачееваН. В.TrubacheevaN. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

natas@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-2026ПершинаЛ. А.PershinaL. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАНРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Genomics Center of ICG SB RASRussian Federation202128042021252171177Copyright © Трубачеева Н.В., Першина Л.А., 20212021Трубачеева Н.В., Першина Л.А.Trubacheeva N.V., Pershina L.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2975

Около одной трети урожая выращиваемого в мире ячменя используется для переработки в солод для обеспечения нужд пивоваренной промышленности. В связи с этим изучение генетической основы пивоваренных признаков и селекция пивоваренных сортов ячменя, адаптивных к условиям их произрастания, актуальны как во всем мире, так и в Российской Федерации, где преобладают выращивание и использование зарубежных солодовых сортов ячменя. К основным параметрам качества солода (искусственно пророщенного и высушенного зерна ячменя) относятся: экстрактивность, диастатическая сила, индекс Кольбаха, вязкость, содержание в зерне белка, β-глюкана, свободного аминного азота и растворимого белка. Большинство этих компонентов находится под контролем локусов количественных признаков (quantitative trait loci, QTL) и подвержено влиянию условий среды, что осложняет их изучение и точную локализацию. Кроме того, фенотипическая оценка пивоваренных признаков – трудоемкий и дорогостоящий процесс. В настоящее время известно более 200 QTL, связанных с пивоваренными параметрами, выявленных с привлечением двуродительских картирующих популяций. Молекулярные маркеры широко применяются как для картирования QTL-локусов, ответственных за пивоваренные качества, так и для выполнения работ по маркер-опосредованной селекции (МОС), что в комбинации с традиционными селекционными подходами дает возможность создавать эффективные стратегии, направленные на ускорение процесса получения новых перспективных генотипов. Тем не менее МОС пивоваренных признаков сталкивается с рядом трудностей, таких как невысокая точность локализации QTL-локусов, их неэффективность при переносе в другую генотипическую среду, сцепленность с нежелательными признаками, что обуславливает необходимость валидации QTL и сцепленных с ними молекулярных маркеров. В обзоре приведены результаты работ по использованию МОС для улучшения пивоваренных качеств ячменя, а также рассматриваются исследования по поиску ассоциаций между генотипом и фенотипом, выполненные с помощью ПГАА-анализа (полногеномный поиск ассоциаций) на основе последних достижений в области высокопроизводительного генотипирования (diversity array technology, DArT и single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP маркеры).

About one-third of the world’s barley crop is used for malt production to meet the needs of the brewing industry. In this regard, the study of the genetic basis of malting quality traits and the breeding of malting barley varieties that are adaptive to their growing conditions are relevant throughout the world, particularly in the Russian Federation, where the cultivation and use of foreign malting varieties of barley prevails. The main parameters of malting quality (artificially germinated and dried barley grains) are malt extract, diastatic power, Kolbach index, viscosity, grain protein, wort β-glucan, free amino nitrogen, and soluble protein content. Most of these components are under the control of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are affected by environmental conditions, which complicates their study and precise localization. In addition, the phenotypic assessment of malting quality traits requires elaborate, expensive phenotypic analyses. Currently, there are more than 200 QTLs associated with malting parameters, which were identified using biparental mapping populations. Molecular markers are widely used both for mapping QTL loci responsible for malting quality traits and for performing marker-assisted selection (MAS), which, in combination with conventional breeding, makes it possible to create effective strategies aimed at accelerating the process of obtaining new promising genotypes. Nevertheless, the MAS of malting quality traits faces a series of difficulties, such as the low accuracy of localization of QTLs, their ineffectiveness when transferred to another genetic background, and linkage with undesirable traits, which makes it necessary to validate QTLs and the molecular markers linked to them. This review presents the results of studies that used MAS to improve the malting quality of barley, and it also considers studies that searched for associations between genotype and phenotype, carried out using GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches based on the latest achievements of high-throughput genotyping (diversity array technology (DArT) and single-nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNPs)).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.