References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ21.022

vavilov-2977

Research Article

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И КАЧЕСТВО

PLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND QUALITY

Антоцианы как компоненты функционального питания

Anthocyanins as functional food components

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7345-3594

Юдина

Р. С.

Yudina

R. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

yurs@bionet.nsc.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-7409

Гордеева

Е. И.

Gordeeva

E. I.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-8631

Шоева

О. Ю.

Shoeva

O. Yu.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4265-8981

Тихонова

М. А.

Tikhonova

M. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254

Хлесткина

Е. К.

Khlestkina

E. K.

Новосибирск;

Санкт-Петербург

Novosibirsk;

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Научно-исследовательский институт физиологии и фундаментальной медициныРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic MedicineRussian Federation

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation

2021

29042021

252178189

2021

Юдина Р.С., Гордеева Е.И., Шоева О.Ю., Тихонова М.А., Хлесткина Е.К.

Yudina R.S., Gordeeva E.I., Shoeva O.Y., Tikhonova M.A., Khlestkina E.K.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2977

Среди встречающихся в природе пигментов антоцианы являются, пожалуй, одной из наиболее изученных групп. Начиная с первых исследований о физико-химических свойствах антоцианов, проведенных еще в XVII в. британским естествоиспытателем Р. Бойлем, наука об этих уникальных соединениях сделала огромный шаг вперед. На сегодняшний день достаточно хорошо исследованы структура и функции антоцианов в растительных клетках, а путь их биосинтеза – один из самых полно охарактеризованных путей биосинтеза вторичных метаболитов как на биохимическом, так и на генетическом уровне. Наряду с этими фундаментальными достижениями, мы начинаем осознавать потенциал антоцианов как соединений промышленного значения, как пигментов самих по себе, а также в качестве компонентов функционального питания, способствующих предупреждению и снижению риска развития хронических заболеваний. Долгое время биологическая активность антоцианов была недооценена, в частности, из-за данных об их низкой биодоступности. Однако в ходе исследований было показано, что в организме человека и животных эти соединения активно метаболизируются и биодоступность, оцененная с учетом их метаболитов, превышала 12 %. Экспериментально подтверждено, что антоцианы обладают антиоксидантными, противовоспалительными, гипогликемическими, антимутагенными, антидиабетическими, противораковыми, нейропротекторными свойствами, а также полезны для здоровья глаз. Однако проведенные исследования не всегда могут объяснить молекулярные механизмы действия антоцианов в организме человека. По некоторым данным, наблюдаемые эффекты объясняются действием не антоцианов, а их метаболитов, которые, благодаря своей повышенной биодоступности, могут быть более биологически активными, чем исходные соединения. Высказывается также предположение о положительном эффекте на здоровье человека всего комплекса полифенольных соединений, поступающего в организм в составе растительной пищи. В представленном обзоре суммированы результаты основных направлений исследований антоцианов в качестве компонентов функционального питания. Отдельное внимание уделено результатам генетических исследований синтеза пигментов, данные которых приобретают особую важность в связи с актуализацией селекционных программ, направленных на повышение содержания антоцианов у культурных растений.

Among the natural pigments, anthocyanins are assumed to represent one of the most studied groups. Starting with the first studies on the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins carried out in the 17th century by British naturalist Robert Boyle, the science about these unique compounds has progressed substantially. To date, the structure and functions of anthocyanins in plant cells have been well studied, and the pathway of their biosynthesis is one of the most fully characterized pathways of secondary metabolite biosynthesis at both the biochemical and genetic levels. Along with these fundamental achievements, we are beginning to realize the potential of anthocyanins as compounds of industrial importance, as pigments themselves, as well as components of functional food that contribute to the prevention and reduction of risk of chronic diseases. For a long time, the biological activity of anthocyanins has been underestimated, in particular, due to the data on their low bioavailability. However, studies showed that in humans and animals, these compounds are actively metabolized and the bioavailability, estimated taking into account their metabolites, exceeded 12 %. It has been experimentally shown that anthocyanins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, neuroprotective properties, and they are beneficial for eye health. However, the studies conducted cannot always explain the molecular mechanism of action of anthocyanins in the human body. According to some reports, the observed effects are not due to the action of anthocyanins themselves, but to their metabolites, which can be more biologically active because of their increased bioavailability. Other data ascribe the positive effect on human health not to individual anthocyanins, but to the whole complex of polyphenolic compounds consumed. The review summarizes the results of the studies of anthocyanins as components of functional food. Special attention is paid to genetic control of the pigment synthesis. These data are of particular importance in respect to the initiated breeding programs aimed at increasing the content of anthocyanins in cultural plants.

растенияпигментывторичные метаболитыфлавоноидыантоцианырегуляторные геныструктурные геныантиоксидантыбиологическая активность

plantspigmentssecondary metabolitesflavonoidsanthocyaninsregulatory genesstructural genesantioxidantsbiological activity

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 16-14-00086.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.