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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.032</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы селекции лабораторных мини-свиней</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of mini-pig breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-2772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">true_genetic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>284</fpage><lpage>291</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шатохин К.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шатохин К.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatokhin K.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3011">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3011</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен обзор проблем разведения и селекции лабораторных мини-свиней. Наиболее очевидные из них – отсутствие централизованного учета селекционных групп, единых стандартов отбора для воспроизводства и оценки племенных животных, а также минимизация накопления снижающих приспособленность мутаций и поддержание генетического разнообразия. По последним данным, в мире насчитывают не менее 30 селекционных групп мини-свиней, систематически используемых в качестве лабораторных животных. Среди них существуют как породные образования, представленные несколькими колониями, так и селекционные группы, состоящие из одного стада. Показано, что основная стратегия отбора включает селекцию на живую массу взрослых особей 50–80 кг и приспособленность животных к конкретному типу биомедицинских экспериментов. Для ее реализации в разведении зарубежных мини-свиней практикуют отбор по живой массе в 140- и 154-дневном возрасте. Указано, что в стадах мини-свиней представлены разные селекционные методы противодействия инбредной депрессии и поддержания генетического разнообразия. Примерами служат максимизация фенотипов масти, цикличная система подбора родительских пар и структурирование стад на субпопуляции. Кроме того, в разведении зарубежных мини-свиней для мониторинга гетерозиготности используют молекулярно-генетические методы. Количество инбредных скрещиваний в разведении лабораторных мини-свиней стараются минимизировать, что не всегда возможно из-за их малочисленности. Подсчитано, что во избежание тесного инбридинга численность селекционной группы должна быть не менее 28 особей, включающих хряков как минимум четырех генеалогических линий и свиноматок из не менее четырех семейств. Накопление генетического груза в стадах мини-свиней возможно, но вредоносный эффект является скорее следствием ошибочных решений селекционеров. Несмотря на то что при выведении ряда мини-свиней стояла цель укомплектовать стада исключительно белыми животными, в большинстве селекционных групп наблюдается полиморфизм по фенотипу масти.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article provides an overview of some problems of the breeding and reproduction of laboratory minipigs. The most obvious of these are the lack of centralized accounting of breeding groups, uniform selection standards for reproduction and evaluation of breeding animals, as well as minimizing the accumulation of fitness-reducing mutations and maintaining genetic diversity. According to the latest estimates, there are at least 30 breeding groups of mini-pigs systematically used as laboratory animals in the world. Among them, there are both breed formations represented by several colonies, and breeding groups consisting of a single herd. It was shown that the main selection strategy is selection for the live weight of adults of 50–80 kg and the adaptation of animals to a specific type of biomedical experiments. For its implementation in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, selection by live weight is practiced at 140- and 154-day-old age. It was indicated that different herds of mini-pigs have their own breeding methods to counteract inbred depression and maintain genetic diversity. Examples are the maximization of coat color phenotypes, the cyclical system of matching parent pairs, and the structuring of herds into subpopulations. In addition, in the breeding of foreign mini-pigs, molecular genetic methods are used to monitor heterozygosity. Every effort is made to keep the number of inbred crosses in the breeding of laboratory mini-pigs to a minimum, which is not always possible due to their small number. It is estimated that to avoid close inbreeding, the number of breeding groups should be at least 28 individuals, including boars of at least 4 genealogical lines and at least 4 families of sows. The accumulation of genetic cargo in herds of mini-pigs takes place, but the harmful effect is rather the result of erroneous decisions of breeders. Despite the fact that when breeding a number of mini-pigs, the goal was to complete the herds with exclusively white animals, in most breeding groups there is a polymorphism in the phenotype of the coat color.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лабораторные мини-свиньи</kwd><kwd>инбридинг</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>рецессивные мутации</kwd><kwd>отбор</kwd><kwd>линии</kwd><kwd>семейства</kwd><kwd>сельское хозяйство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>laboratory mini-pigs</kwd><kwd>inbreeding</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>recessive mutations</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>lines</kwd><kwd>families</kwd><kwd>agriculture</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out with the financial support of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourneuf E. 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