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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.033</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3012</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Недостаток белка GAGA у мутантов Trl вызывает массовую клеточную гибель в спермато- и оогенезе дрозофилы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lack of GAGA protein in Trl mutants causes massive cell death in Drosophila spermatogenesis and oogenesis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-541X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорогова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dorogova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dorogova@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болоболова</surname><given-names>Е. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolobolova</surname><given-names>E. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баричева</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baricheva</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет,<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дорогова Н.В., Зубкова А.Е., Федорова Е.В., Болоболова Е.У., Баричева Е.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дорогова Н.В., Зубкова А.Е., Федорова Е.В., Болоболова Е.У., Баричева Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dorogova N.V., Zubkova A.E., Fedorova E.V., Bolobolova E.U., Baricheva E.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3012">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3012</self-uri><abstract><p>Белок дрозофилы GAGA (GAF) является фактором эпигенетической регуляции транскрипции большой группы генов с широким разнообразием клеточных функций. GAF кодируется геном Trithorax-like (Trl), который экспрессируется в различных органах и тканях на всех стадиях онтогенеза дрозофилы. Мутации этого гена вызывают множественные нарушения развития. В предыдущих работах мы показали, что этот белок необходим для развития половой системы как самцов, так и самок дрозофилы. Снижение экспрессии гена Trl приводило ко множественным нарушениям спермато- и оогенеза. Одно из значительных нарушений было связано с массовой деградацией и потерей клеток зародышевого пути, что позволило предположить, что этот белок вовлечен в регуляцию клеточной гибели. В представленной работе мы провели более детальное цитологическое исследование, чтобы определить, какой тип гибели клеток зародышевого пути характерен для Trl-мутантов, и происходят ли нарушения или изменения этого процесса по сравнению с нормой. Полученные результаты показали, что недостаток белка GAF вызывает массовую гибель клеток зародышевого пути как у самок, так и самцов дрозофилы, но проявляется эта гибель в зависимости от пола по-разному. У самок, мутантных по гену Trl, фенотипически этот процесс не отличается от нормы и в гибнущих яйцевых камерах выявлены признаки апоптоза и аутофагии клеток зародышевого пути. У самцов, мутантных по гену Trl, в отличие от самок, не обнаружены признаки апоптоза. У самцов мутации Trl индуцируют массовую гибель клеток через аутофагию, что не характерно для сперматогенеза дрозофилы и не описано ранее ни в норме, ни у мутаций по другим генам. Таким образом, недостаток GAF у мутантов Trl приводит к усилению апоптотической и аутофагической гибели клеток зародышевого пути. Эктопическая клеточная гибель и атрофия зародышевой линии, вероятно, связаны с нарушением экспрессии генов-мишеней GAGAфактора, среди которых есть гены, регулирующие как апоптоз, так и аутофагию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drosophila protein GAGA (GAF) is a factor of epigenetic transcription regulation of a large group of genes with a wide variety of cellular functions. GAF is encoded by the Trithorax-like (Trl) gene, which is important for the formation of various organs and tissues at all stages of ontogenesis. In our previous works, we showed that this protein is necessary for the development of the reproductive system, both in males and females of Drosophila. Decreased expression of the Trl gene led to multiple disorders of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. One of the significant disorders was associated with massive degradation and loss of cells in the germline. In this work, we carried out a more detailed cytological study to determine what type of germ cell death is characteristic of Trl mutants, and whether there are disturbances or changes in this process compared to the norm. The results obtained showed that the lack of GAF protein causes massive germ cell death in both females and males of Drosophila, but this death manifests itself in different ways, depending on the sex. In Trl females, this process does not differ phenotypically from the norm. In the dying egg chambers, signs of apoptosis and autophagy were revealed, as well as morphological features that are characteristic of the wild type. In males, Trl mutations induce mass germ cell death through autophagy, which is not typical of Drosophila spermatogenesis, and has not been previously described, neither in the norm nor in other genes’ mutations. Thus, GAF lack in Trl mutants leads to increased germ cell death through apoptosis and autophagy. Ectopic cell death and germ line atrophy are probably associated with impaired expression of the GAGA factor target genes, among which there are genes that regulate both apoptosis and autophagy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дрозофила</kwd><kwd>GAGA-фактор</kwd><kwd>клетки зародышевого пути</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>сперматогенез</kwd><kwd>оогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Drosophila</kwd><kwd>GAGA factor</kwd><kwd>germ cells</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>spermatogenesis</kwd><kwd>oogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 20-04-00496a, and State Budgeted Project 0259- 2021-0011. The authors are grateful to Dr. D.A. 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