References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ21.53-o

vavilov-3036

Research Article

Селекция зерновых и зернобобовых культур

Breeding of cereals and grain legumes

Научная селекция озимой мягкой пшеницы в Нечерноземной зоне России: история, методы и результаты

Scientific breeding of winter bread wheat in the Non-Сhernozem zone of Russia: the history, methods and results

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7184-7645

Сандухадзе

Б. И.

Sandukhadze

B. I.

р. п. Новоивановское, Одинцово, Московская область

Novoivanovskoye, Odintsovo, Moscow Region

sanduchadze@mail.ru

Мамедов

Р. З.

Mamedov

R. Z.

р. п. Новоивановское, Одинцово, Московская область

Novoivanovskoye, Odintsovo, Moscow Region

Крахмалёва

М. С.

Krakhmalyova

M. S.

р. п. Новоивановское, Одинцово, Московская область

Novoivanovskoye, Odintsovo, Moscow Region

Бугрова

В. В.

Bugrova

V. V.

р. п. Новоивановское, Одинцово, Московская область

Novoivanovskoye, Odintsovo, Moscow Region

Федеральный исследовательский центр «Немчиновка»РоссияFederal Research Center “Nemchinovka”Russian Federation

2021

10072021

254367373

2021

Сандухадзе Б.И., Мамедов Р.З., Крахмалёва М.С., Бугрова В.В.

Sandukhadze B.I., Mamedov R.Z., Krakhmalyova M.S., Bugrova V.V.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3036

Рассмотрены основные этапы и достижения селекции озимой мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aesti vum L.) в Нечерноземной зоне более чем за столетний период. Начало селекционной работы в регионе было положено Д.Л. Рудзинским на опытном поле Московского сельскохозяйственного института. С 1940-х гг. под руководством академика Н.В. Цицина, а затем профессора Г.Д. Лапченко активно применялся метод отдаленной гибридизации пшеницы с пыреем сизым (Agropyron glaucum (Desf. ex DC.) Roem. & Schult.). Полученные пшенично-пырейные гибриды (ППГ) обладали средней зимостойкостью, повышенным качеством зерна и продуктивностью. Созданный в 1970-х гг. сорт Заря (индивидуальным отбором из F3 гибридной комбинации сорт Мироновская 808 × линия 126/65, в родословной этой линии присутствует ППГ 599) имел высокую урожайность и широко использовался в дальнейших скрещиваниях. В 1980-е гг. академик Б.И. Сандухадзе методом прерывающихся беккроссов добился значительного увеличения урожайности за счет выведения сортов нового морфоэкотипа (Инна, Памяти Федина и др.) – зимостойких, короткостебельных, продуктивных. Сорт Московская 39 (районирован в 1999 г.) относится к сильным пшеницам со стабильным содержанием белка (15–16 %) и клейковины (30–35 %). Созданные в 2000-х гг. сорта Московская 56, Немчиновская 57, Галина, Немчиновская 24, Немчиновская 17, Московская 40 характеризуются высокой адаптивностью к условиям региона, высокой урожайностью и качеством зерна. Площади посевов этих сортов в России занимают более 2 млн га. Обозначены актуальные направления селекции озимой мягкой пшеницы, показана производственная урожайность сортов селекции ФГБНУ «ФИЦ «Немчиновка» свыше 12.0 т/га и содержание белка в зерне до 17 %. Благодаря преемственности, оригинальности и методологии научной селекции, урожайность озимой пшеницы в регионе с начала прошлого века до настоящего времени выросла с 1.0 до 12.0 т/га и более.

The article describes the main stages and achievements of the breeding of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Non-Chernozem zone for more than a century. The beginning of breeding work was laid by D.L. Rudzinsky on the experimental field of the Moscow Agricultural Institute. Beginning from the 1940s, under the leadership of Academician N.V. Tsitsin, and then Prof. G.D. Lapchenko, the method of distinct hybridization with blue wheatgrass (Agropyron glaucum (Desf. ex DC.) Roem. & Schult.) was actively used. The resulting wheat-wheatgrass hybrids had an average winter hardiness, increased grain quality and productivity. Cultivar Zarya developed in the 1970s (by individual selection from the F3 cross combination of cv. Mironovskaya 808 × line 126/65 (in the pedigree of this line, there is a wheat-wheatgrass hybrid PPG 599)) had a high yield and was widely used in further crosses. In the 1980s, Academician B.I. Sandukhadze achieved a significant increase in yield by using the method of intermittent backcrosses due to the producing of varieties with a new morphoecotype (cvs Inna, Pamyati Fedina, etc.), namely, winter-hardy, short stemmed (dwarf), and productive. Cultivar Moskovskaya 39 (registration in 1999) was referred to strong wheat, with a stable protein content of 15–16 %, gluten 30–35 %. Produced in the 2000s, cvs Moskovskaya 56, Nemchinovskaya 57, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 24, Nemchinovskaya 17, and Moskovskaya 40 have a high adaptability to the environment of the region; give a high yield and quality of grain. The area of crops of these cultivars in Russia occupies more than 2 million ha. The current trends in wheat breeding are indicated, the production yield of commercial cultivars of breeding by the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka”over 12.0 tons per ha and the protein content in the grain up to 17 % are shown. As a result of succession, originality and application of the methodology of scientific breeding, the yield of winter bread wheat in the period from the beginning of the last century to the present has increased from 1.0 to 12.0 and more tons per ha.

озимая мягкая пшеницаселекциясортзимостойкостьурожайностьустойчивость к полеганиюкороткостебельность

winter bread wheatbreedingvarietywinter hardinessyieldlodging resistanceshort stemmed plants

This work was supported by budget financing and other sources of financing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.