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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.042</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Селекция масличных и сахароносов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Breeding of oil and sugar crops</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные тренды селекционно-генетического улучшения сортов и гибридов подсолнечника во ВНИИМК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern trends in breeding and genetic improvement of sunflower varieties and hybrids at VNIIMK</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-0317</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукомец</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukomets</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniimk@vniimk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-8202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunovа</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniimk@vniimk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-020X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демурин</surname><given-names>Я. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demurin</surname><given-names>Ya. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vniimk@vniimk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт масличных культур им. В.С. Пустовойта»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>388</fpage><lpage>393</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лукомец В.М., Трунова М.В., Демурин Я.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лукомец В.М., Трунова М.В., Демурин Я.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lukomets V.M., Trunovа M.V., Demurin Y.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3039">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3039</self-uri><abstract><p>Современная селекция подсолнечника сильно диверсифицирована различными потребностями сельскохозяйственного производства. Во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте масличных культур (ВНИИМК) селекция сортов и гибридов подсолнечника ведется по всем востребованным на рынке направлениям и основывается на фундаментальных биологических исследованиях. В направлении селекции на сокращение вегетационного периода растений получены: скороспелые сорт Скормас и трехлинейный гибрид Ахиллес, раннеспелые сорта Варяг и Успех, среднеспелые гибриды Амели, Арис и Аурус. При селекции на устойчивость к болезням созданы восемь гибридов и один сорт. Так, на Донской опытной станции выведены продуктивные гибриды, устойчивые к вирулентной заразихе расы G за счет наличия гена Or7: Горстар, Горфилд, Грант, Статус, Фогор и трехлинейный гибрид Ника. На центральной экспериментальной базе получены среднеранний гибрид Тайфун и раннеспелый сорт Платоныч с устойчивостью к распространенным расам ложной мучнистой росы и с высокой масличностью семянок (до 53 %), а также среднеранний гибрид подсолнечника Тайзар, который обладает устойчивостью к вирулентным расам заразихи и к возбудителю ложной мучнистой росы. В «Государственный реестр селекционных достижений…» внесен скороспелый крупноплодный сорт подсолнечника Белочка; проходят госсортоиспытание крупноплодные сорта Караван, Кондитер и Калибр. Результатом генетического изучения генов гербицидоустойчивости стала практическая рекомендация для применения в селекции подсолнечника трех генов устойчивости к ингибиторам ацетолактатсинтетазы (Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur), которая заключается в необходимости создания гомозиготных гибридов для их надежного использования в соответствующих производственных системах. Для технологий Clearfield получены гибриды Имидж, Арими и Имми, для Clearfield Plus – гибрид Клип, а для Express Sun (или SUMO) – гибрид Сурус. Гибриды Клип и Сурус являются среднеолеиновыми по качеству масла. Все созданные фертильные декоративные сорта подсолнечника Аурелия, Физалия, Жемчужный, Агат, Мажор и гибрид Румянец переведены для практического использования на стерильную основу ЦМС RIG. Таким образом, по всему спектру современных направлений селекции подсолнечника во ВНИИМК имеются новые достижения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern sunflower breeding is significantly diversified due to the different needs of agricultural production. The breeding of sunflower varieties and hybrids is carried out at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK) in all areas in demand on the market and is based on fundamental biological research. In the field of breeding for faster maturing, the following commercial cultivars were obtained: very early maturing, cv. Skormas and the three-way hybrid Achilles, early maturing cvs. Varyag and Uspekh, medium maturing cvs. Amelie, Aris and Aurus. Within the framework of breeding for immunity, eight hybrids and one variety have been produced. So at the Don experimental station (Rostov region), productive hybrids were bred, resistant to the virulent broomrape of the G race due to the presence of the Or7 gene: ‘Gorstar’, ‘Gorfild’, ‘Grant’, ‘Status’, ‘Fogor’ and the three-way hybrid Nika. On the central experimental base, the following were obtained: the mid-early hybrid Typhoon and the earlymaturing variety Platonych with resistance to common races of downy mildew and a high oil content of achenes (up to 53 %) as well as the mid-early hybrid Tayzar, which is simultaneously resistant to virulent races of broomrape and to the causative agent of downy mildew. The early maturing large-fruited sunflower variety Belochka was included in the“Russian State Register of Selection Achievements…”, and the large-fruited varieties Karavan, Konditer and Kalibr are currently undergoing state tests. The breeding use of germplasm with genes for herbicide resistance wasaccompanied by their extensive genetic study. A practical recommendation for all three alleles of the ALS gene (Imr, CLHA-Plus, Sur) was the need to create homozygous hybrids for their reliable use in appropriate production systems. For Clearfield technology, the hybrids Imidzh, Arimi and Immi have been developed; for Clearfield Plus, the hybrid Klip; and for Express Sun (or SUMO), the hybrid Surus. Klip and Surus are mid-oleic. All newly developed fertile ornamental sunflower varieties – Aurelia, Fizalia, Zhemchuzhny, Rumyanets, Agat and Mazhor – were transferred for practical use to a sterile CMS RIG basis. Thus, new achievements have been attained across the entire spectrum of modern trends in sunflower breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подсолнечник</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>сорт</kwd><kwd>гибрид</kwd><kwd>скороспелость</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к патогенам</kwd><kwd>крупноплодность</kwd><kwd>гербицидоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>декоративность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sunflower</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>variety</kwd><kwd>hybrid</kwd><kwd>early maturity</kwd><kwd>resistance to pathogens</kwd><kwd>large-fruited</kwd><kwd>herbicide resistance</kwd><kwd>ornamental</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demurin Ya.N., Pikhtyareva A.A., Tronin A.S., Levutskaya A.N., Kostevich S.V., Rubanova O.A., Frolov S.S. Herbicide resistant sunflower hybrid Clip. Maslichnye Kultury = Oil Crops. 2020a;1(181): 128-131. 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