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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.045</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Селекция винограда, ягодных, субтропических и цветочных культур</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Breeding of grape and small-fruit, subtropical, and ﬂower crops</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Селекция винограда – ключевое звено в развитии виноградо-винодельческой отрасли</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Grape breeding is a key link in the development of the grapes and wine-making industry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5330-0352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Краснодар</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasnodar</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kubansad@kubannet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of  Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-Making<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>408</fpage><lpage>413</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егоров Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егоров Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Egorov E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3043">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3043</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены законодательные и нормативные акты, конкретизирующие задачи в осуществлении селекционных процессов. Представлены результаты создания, сортоиспытания, патентования и введения в Государственный реестр Российской Федерации сортов и клонов винограда за период 2010–2020 гг. Проанализирована взаимосвязь показателей отраслевого развития с объемами производства посадочного материала, использованием сортов отечественной селекции, составляющих предмет Государственного реестра РФ. Приведены характеристика ампелографических коллекций – генетических ресурсов винограда, и сопоставимый анализ многолетних данных по оценке адаптивного потенциала сортов отечественной селекции и сортов-интродуцентов. Охарактеризованы сорта отечественной селекции, из которых производятся вина класса премиум; они не только составляют конкуренцию сортам европейской селекции, но и превосходят их по органолептическим свойствам и биохимическим показателям виноградного сусла и виноматериала. Обозначены основные проблемы, сдерживающие широкую востребованность рынком сортов винограда отечественной селекции, к числу которых следует отнести значительный объем импорта европейского сортового посадочного материала. Подчеркнута необходимость ускорения селекционных процессов, обозначены современные методы, в том числе генеративная и геномная селекция, трансгенные технологии, клеточная, мутационная, клоновая селекция. Представлены приоритетные направления в селекции. Приводятся и анализируются сведения о количественном и качественном составе ученых-селекционеров, отмечены тенденции увеличения их численности и качественного состава, притока молодежи, растущей потребности в подготовке квалифицированных кадров. Актуализированы основные научно-практические проблемы в организации и осуществлении селекционных процессов в обеспечение развития отрасли, среди которых низкая доля сортов отечественной селекции в производимом посадочном материале и закладке насаждений, отсутствие системно реализуемой сортовой и технологической политики, несовершенство правовой системы по охране интеллектуальной собственности, низкая обеспеченность приборно-аналитическим оснащением для осуществления селекционных процессов современными методами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the legislative and regulatory acts that specify the tasks in the implementation of breeding processes. The results of the creation, variety testing, patenting and introduction of grape varieties and clones into the State Register of the Russian Federation for 2010–2020 are presented. The article analyzes the relationship between the indicators of industrial development with the production volumes of planting material, the use of domestic varieties that are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation. The characteristic of ampelographic collections – the genetic resources of grapes – is given. A comparative analysis of many years’ worth of data on the assessment of the adaptive potential of domestic varieties and introduced varieties is presented. The article describes domestic varieties, from which premium wines are produced, which not only competes with European varieties, but also surpasses the organoleptic properties and biochemical parameters of grape must and wine material. The main problems hindering the wide demand for domestic varieties on the market, including a substantial amount of imported European varietal planting material, are described. The necessity of accelerating breeding processes is actualized, modern methods are identified, including those of generative and genomic selection, transgenic technologies, cellular, mutational, and clone selection, and priority areas in breeding are presented. The numerical and qualitative analyses of the composition of breeding scientists is given, the trends of increasing the number and qualitative composition of breeders, the influx of young people, the growing need for training qualified personnel are noted. The number of bachelor’s, master’s and post-graduate students specializing in viticulture in general and in selection in particular as well as the number of defended dissertation studies on grape breeding has been found to be insufficient. The main scientific and practical problems in the organization and implementation of breeding processes in ensuring the development of the industry are updated, including a low share of domestic varieties in the produced planting material and planting, the lack of a systemically implemented varietal and technological policy, the imperfection of the legal system for the protection of intellectual property, a low availability of instrumentation and analytical equipment for the implementation of breeding by modern methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виноград</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>генетические ресурсы</kwd><kwd>методы</kwd><kwd>сорта</kwd><kwd>селекционные достижения</kwd><kwd>саженцы</kwd><kwd>интродукция</kwd><kwd>научно-практические проблемы.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grapes</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>genetic resources</kwd><kwd>methods</kwd><kwd>varieties</kwd><kwd>breeding achievements</kwd><kwd>seedlings</kwd><kwd>introduction</kwd><kwd>scientific and practical problems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egorov E.A., Ilina I.A., Petrov V.S., Pankin M.I., Ilnitskaya E.T., Talash A.I., Lukyanov A.A., Lukyanova A.A., Kovalenko A.G., Bolshakov V.A., Troshin L.P., Nosulckak V.A. 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