vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.048vavilov-3046Research ArticleСелекция лекарственных, эфирномасличных и овощныхBreeding of medicinal herbs, essential oil crops, and vegetablesСелекция лекарственных и ароматических растений в ВИЛАР: достижения и перспективыBreeding of medicinal and essential oil crops in VILAR: achievements and prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-9353КороткихИ. Н.KorotkikhI. N.

Москва

Moscow

slavnica241270@yandex.ruБалеевД. Н.BaleevD. N.

Москва

Moscow

slavnica241270@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1228-0594МорозовА. И.MorozovA. I.

Москва

Moscow

slavnica241270@yandex.ruМизинаП. Г.MizinaP. G.

Москва

Moscow

slavnica241270@yandex.ruСидельниковН. И.SidelnikovN. I.

Москва

Moscow

slavnica241270@yandex.ruВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растенийРоссияAll-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsRussian Federation202110072021254433441Copyright © Коротких И.Н., Балеев Д.Н., Морозов А.И., Мизина П.Г., Сидельников Н.И., 20212021Коротких И.Н., Балеев Д.Н., Морозов А.И., Мизина П.Г., Сидельников Н.И.Korotkikh I.N., Baleev D.N., Morozov A.I., Mizina P.G., Sidelnikov N.I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3046

Рассмотрены методы создания селекционного материала, а также современное состояние, проблемы и перспективы селекции лекарственных и эфирномасличных растений в Российской Федерации. Актуальность данного направления особенно возросла в связи с объявленными санкциями, возникшим дефицитом лекарственного растительного сырья и низким его качеством, не удовлетворяющим требованиям фармацевтической индустрии. Для формирования устойчивой сырьевой базы необходимо создание новых высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к воздействию биотических и абиотических факторов среды сортов лекарственных растений с применением современных молекулярно-биологических методов в селекции. В этой связи большой интерес представляют коллекции Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института лекарственных и ароматических растений, в которых имеется уникальный генетический материал лекарственных и эфирномасличных, в том числе редких и исчезающих видов растений. В селекции лекарственных и эфирномасличных культур все еще перспективны традиционные методы индивидуального и индивидуально-семейного отбора, полиплоидии, химического мутагенеза и сочетание методов для получения оригинального селекционного материала. В институте создано более 90 сортов лекарственных и эфирномасличных культур, большинство которых допущены к использованию на всей территории РФ. 

This review discusses the main methods of breeding material development, the current state, problems and prospects for medicinal and essential oil plants breeding. The relevance of this area has especially increased due to the sanctions, the resulting shortage of medicinal plants and their low quality, which does not meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry. To produce a stable plant raw material base, it is necessary to actively develop a breeding process to create new highly productive varieties of medicinal plants resistant to biotic and abiotic environments. In breeding with the use of modern molecular biological methods, related species and generic complexes of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) collection can be involved, where there is extensive original genetic material of medicinal, essential oil, rare and endangered species. In the breeding of medicinal and essential oil crops, traditional methods of individual and individual-family selection, polyploidy, chemical mutagenesis and a combination of methods to obtain original breeding material are still promising. VILAR has created more than 90 varieties of medicinal and essential oil crops, most of which have been approved for use throughout the Russian Federation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.