vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.049vavilov-3047Research ArticleСелекция лекарственных, эфирномасличных и овощныхBreeding of medicinal herbs, essential oil crops, and vegetablesГенетические ресурсы овощных растений: от селекции нетрадиционных культур к функциональным продуктам питанияGenetic resources of vegetable crops: from breeding non-traditional crops to functional foodhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-3689ФотевЮ. В.FotevYu. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

fotev_2009@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-5203АртемьеваА. М.ArtemyevaA. M.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ЗвереваО. А.ZverevaO. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Центральный сибирский ботанический сад Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский государственный аграрный университетРоссияCentral Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202110072021254442447Copyright © Фотев Ю.В., Артемьева А.М., Зверева О.А., 20212021Фотев Ю.В., Артемьева А.М., Зверева О.А.Fotev Y.V., Artemyeva A.M., Zvereva O.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3047

Рассмотрены перспективные для интродукции в России виды овощных культур и cделана попытка оценить возможности их селекционного улучшения по признакам, ограничивающим масштабное производство этих культур. Обсуждаются методические подходы, которые включают в себя признаки, способствующие успешной интрогрессии данных видов в РФ, и направлены на преодоление барьеров на пути расширения сортимента выращиваемых культур. На примере вигны предлагается проводить оценку потенциальной холодостойкости теплолюбивых культур в фазе зрелого мужского гаметофита in vitro. Одной из главных задач, наравне с ростом продуктивности культур, следует признать расширение сортимента рекомендуемых для широкого выращивания овощных растений. В качестве характеристики «степени востребованности культуры» предложено использовать показатель отношения общего числа зарегистрированных сортов по культуре к количеству лет с года включения в «Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию» первого сорта. Намечены возможные виды-источники высокого содержания функциональных пищевых ингредиентов (ФПИ) и охарактеризованы потенциальные доноры ФПИ. Целесообразно формализовать признак «высокое содержание ФПИ», приняв за основу двух-четырехкратное превышение содержания конкретных ФПИ или их комплекса в новом сорте по сравнению со стандартными сортообразцами или видами по селектируемой (интродуцируемой) культуре. Эти сорта целесообразно включать в «Госреестр…» отдельным списком. Цель такого выделения – обеспечить потенциальную заинтересованность производственников, инвесторов и бизнес-структур в реализации новых товарных позиций на рынке функциональных продуктов питания. Рассмотрены наиболее перспективные виды-интродуценты овощных культур из пяти семейств (Brassicaceae, Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae). В качестве потенциальных источников высокого содержания ФПИ рекомендованы следующие виды: Brassica oleracea ssp. oleracea, B. oleraceae var. alboglabra, B. rapa ssp. chinensis, B. rapa ssp. narinosa, B. rapa ssp. nipposinica, rapa ssp. rapa, B. juncea, Cochlearia officinalis, Lepidium sativum, Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. dubius, A. tricolor, A. lividus, виды рода Physalis L., Momordica charantia, Benincasa hispida, Cucumis metuliferus, Vigna unguiculata.

In this review, the authors considered the promising species of vegetable crops for introduction and breeding in the Russian Federation. An attempt was made to assess the possibilities of their breeding improvement from the standpoint of the presence of traits that limit large-scale production. Species that could potentially serve as sources of a high content of functional food ingredients (FFI) have been identified and characterized. For the successful introgression of these species in the Russian Federation, we proposed the methodological approaches including the assessment of the potential cold resistance of thermophilic crops in the mature male gametophyte in vitro (e. g., asparagus bean). The increase in the biodiversity of vegetable plants and improving of their nutritional value should be recognized as one of the main tasks, along with the growth of crop productivity. It is proposed to use the ratio of the total number of the registered cultivars of a particular crop to the number of years since the first cultivar of that crop has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use as a measure of demand. It is advisable to formalize the trait“high content of FFI” in crops, taking as a basis, for example, a 2–4-fold excess of the content of any FFI or their complex in a cultivar over the crop’s standard (reference) value. Such varieties should be included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use as a separate list. The purpose of their separation in the State Register is to ensure the potential interest of investors and business structures in the sale of functional food on the market. The paper discusses in detail the most promising species of introduced vegetable crops from five families (Brassicaceae, Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae). The following species are proposed as potential sources of high FPI content: Brassica oleracea ssp. oleracea, B. oleraceae var. alboglabra, B. rapa ssp. chinensis, B. rapa ssp. narinosa, B. rapa ssp. nipposinica, B. rapa ssp. rapa, B. uncea, Cochlearia officinalis, Lepidium sativum, Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus, A. hypochondriacus, A. dubius, A. tricolor, lividus, species in the genus Physalis L., Momordica charantia, Benincasa hispida, Cucumis metuliferus, Vigna unguiculata.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.