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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.050</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3048</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научное обеспечение селекции и семеноводства в регионах</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Regional scientif ic support of breeding  and seed production</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научное обеспечение селекции и семеноводства Сибири в XXI в.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Scientific support to plant breeding and seed production in Siberia in the XXI century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gonch@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>448</fpage><lpage>459</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаров Н.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3048">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3048</self-uri><abstract><p>Аграрное производство Российской Федерации представляет собой стержень экономической системы государства, от развития которого во многом зависит уровень жизни и благосостояния населения. Оно обеспечивает основу безопасности страны. В статье рассматриваются вопросы продовольственной безопасности Сибири, перспективы и проблемы селекции растений в Сибирском федеральном округе – самой крупной аграрной территории РФ. Площадь сельскохозяйственных угодий в Сибирском федеральном округе около 50 млн га, здесь производится 13 % валового объема зерна страны. В Сибири, как и во всей России, преобладает бесперспективное экстенсивное земледелие, основанное на эксплуатации естественного плодородия почв, поэтому селекция должна учитывать не только несоблюдение технологий возделывания новых сортов интенсивного типа, но и этот немаловажный фактор. Несмотря на то что капитальные вложения в селекцию являются наиболее окупаемыми в растениеводстве, селекционеры до сих пор работают в сложных экономических условиях. Обсуждается использование в селекции современных молекулярно-биологических методов, биоинженерии и IT технологий. Обосновывается необходимость проведения кардинальной реформы отрасли, включая признание селекции фундаментальной наукой, существенное увеличение ее бюджетного финансирования, определение стратегии ее развития на федеральном и региональном уровнях, дальнейшее целенаправленное расширение сети селекционных центров, восстановление и укрепление в аграрных университетах профильных для отрасли кафедр селекции и семеноводства, выделение бюджетных мест в вузах региона для подготовки селекционеров, способных сохранить и упрочить передовые позиции страны в селекции растений и создавать конкурентоспособные на мировом аграрном рынке сорта нового поколения основных сельскохозяйственных культур. В противном случае накопившиеся к настоящему времени проблемы могут привести к возникновению новых долгосрочных рисков нестабильности в отрасли. Делается вывод о необходимости бережного сохранения преемственности, как специалистов, так и селекционного (селектируемого) материала. Рассматриваются особенности регулирующих функций государства и аграрной науки в селекции растений и в отрасли в целом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Agriculture in the Russian Federation is fundamental to the country’s economic performance, living standards, the wellbeing of people and state safety. Considerations relating to food security, prospects of and challenges before plant breeding in the Siberian Federal District (SFD), the largest agricultural area of the Russian Federation, are provided in the article. The agricultural area used in the SFD is about 50 million hectares and accounts for 13 % of the country’s gross grain production. The need for the introduction of modern molecular biological methods, bioengineering and IT technology is demonstrated and discussed. As Russia as a whole, Siberia is largely engaged in unpromising extensive farming practices, which rely on natural soil fertility, and this factor should be taken into account. Another issue is noncompliance with intensive farming technologies used for cultivating new-generation commercial cultivars. Although capital investments in plant breeding are the most cost effective investments in crop production, breeders’ efforts remain underfunded. The article explains the need for fundamental reform in this economic sector: the recognition of plant breeding as being a fundamental science; a fair increase in its funding; the development of a breeding strategy, nationally and regionally; the further expansion of the network of the Breeding Centers; the re-establishment and improvement of the universities’ departments specialized in plant breeding and seed production; having more state-funded places in the universities for training plant breeders to be able to maintain and cement the country’s advanced position in plant breeding and to develop new globally competitive next-generation cultivars of main crops. Should these issues be ignored, all the problems that have accumulated to date will lead to risks of long-term instability in this economic sector. The need for the careful preservation of continuity in plant breeders and plants being bred is stated. The regulatory functions of the state and agricultural science in plant breeding, plant industry and seed production are considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>Сибирский федеральный округ</kwd><kwd>традиционные и современные методы</kwd><kwd>сорта нового поколения</kwd><kwd>семеноводство</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>Siberian Federal District</kwd><kwd>traditional and modern methods</kwd><kwd>next-generation cultivars</kwd><kwd>seed production</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was support by the budget project of the IC&amp;G SB RAS No. 0259-2021-0012.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abugalieva A., Flis P., Shamanin V., Savin T., Morgounov A. Ionomic analysis of spring wheat grain produced in Kazakhstan and Russia. 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