vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.058vavilov-3109Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEБиохимический состав плодов томата различной окраскиBiochemical composition of tomato fruits of various colorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-4751КуринаА. Б.KurinaA. B.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

nastya_n11@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-4294СоловьеваА. Е.SolovievaA. E.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ХрапаловаИ. А.KhrapalovaI. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-5203АртемьеваА. М.ArtemyevaA. M.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202110092021255514527Copyright © Курина А.Б., Соловьева А.Е., Храпалова И.А., Артемьева А.М., 20212021Курина А.Б., Соловьева А.Е., Храпалова И.А., Артемьева А.М.Kurina A.B., Solovieva A.E., Khrapalova I.A., Artemyeva A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3109

Томат (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) – экономически важная и широко возделываемая овощная культура, потребляется как в свежем, так и в переработанном виде. Пищевая ценность плодов томата связана с содержанием в них каротиноидов, полифенолов, растворимых сахаров, органических кислот, минералов и витаминов. В настоящее время растет интерес к качественному и количественному увеличению содержания полезных для здоровья соединений в плодах томата. Коллекция генетических ресурсов Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) включает 7678 образцов одного культурного и девяти диких видов, что представляет широкие возможности для поиска сведений об изменчивости содержания биологически активных веществ и отбора в генофонде источников с высоким их содержанием. В нашей работе приведены результаты изучения 70 образцов культурного и дикорастущего томата по основным биохимическим признакам – содержанию сухого вещества, аскорбиновой кислоты, сахаров, каротинов, хлорофиллов и антоцианов. Для изучения взяты образцы с разнообразной окраской плодов, включая новые образцы с различным содержанием антоциана. В результате исследования определена амплитуда изменчивости содержания сухих веществ (3.72–8.88 и 9.62–11.33 %), сахаров (1.50–5.65 и 2.20–2.70 %), аскорбиновой кислоты (12.40–35.56 и 23.62–28.14 мг/100 г), титруемой кислотности (0.14–0.46 и 0.33–0.48 %), хлорофиллов (0.14–5.11 и 2.95–4.57 мг/100 г), общих каротиноидов (0.97–99.86 и 1.03–10.06 мг/100 г) и антоцианов (3.00–588.86 и 84.31–152.71 мг/100 г) в плодах культурного и дикорастущего томата соответственно. Определены корреляционные связи между содержанием сухих веществ и моносахаридов (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), суммы сахаров (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) и аскорбиновой кислоты (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05), содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты и каротиноидов (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). Выявлена высокая зависимость содержания хлорофиллов a и b между собой (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), а также зависимость средней степени между содержанием хлорофилла b и антоцианов (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), содержанием β-каротина (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) и содержанием моносахаридов (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05). Выделены образцы томата с высоким содержанием отдельных химических веществ, а также по комплексу признаков, которые могут быть использованы в качестве источников в селекции на повышенное содержание сухого вещества, сахаров, аскорбиновой кислоты, пигментов и антоцианов.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is an economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crop that is consumed both fresh and processed. The nutritional value of tomato fruits is related to the content of carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Currently, there is a growing interest in the qualitative and quantitative increase in the content of health-promoting compounds in tomato fruits. VIR Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. genetic resources collection includes 7678 accessions of one cultivated and nine wild species, which in turn provides ample opportunities for searching for information on the variability of the content of biologically active substances and searching for sources with a high content of them in the gene pool. Our work presents the results of the study of 70 accessions of cultivated and wild tomato on the main biochemical characteristics: the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, chlorophylls and anthocyanins. As the basis for the selection of accessions for the study, accessions with various colors of fruits, including new accessions with varying content of anthocyanin, were taken. As a result of this study, the amplitude of variability in the content of dry matter (3.72–8.88 and 9.62–11.33 %), sugars (1.50–5.65 and 2.20–2.70 %), ascorbic acid (12.40–35.56 and 23.62– 28.14 mg/100 g), titratable acidity (0.14–0.46 and 0.33–0.48 %), chlorophylls (0.14–5.11 and 2.95–4.57 mg/100 g), carotenoids (0.97–99.86 and 1.03–10.06 mg/100 g) and anthocyanins (3.00–588.86 and 84.31–152.71 mg/100 g) in the fruits of cultivated and wild tomatoes, respectively, was determined. We have determined correlations between the content of dry matter and monosaccharides (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), total sugars (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) and ascorbic acid (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05); the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). A high dependence of the content of chlorophyll a and b among themselves (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the content of chlorophyll b and anthocyanins (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), the content of β-carotene (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) and the content of monosaccharides (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05) has been noted. We have identif ied tomato accessions with a high content of individual chemical substances, as well as with a complex of traits that can be used as sources in breeding for a high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, pigments and anthocyanins.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.