vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.059vavilov-3110Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEУстойчивость образцов ячменя из Дагестана к мучнистой росеPowdery mildew resistance of barley accessions from Dagestanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-7951АбдуллаевР. А.AbdullaevR. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2344-9233ЛебедеваТ. В.LebedevaT. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5531-2728АлпатьеваН. В.AlpatievaN. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-281XБаташеваБ. А.BatashevaB. A.

с. Вавилово, Дербент, Республика Дагестан

Vavilovo Village, Derbent, Dagestan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-8860АнисимоваИ. Н.AnisimovaI. N.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

irina_anisimova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-0306РадченкоЕ. Е.RadchenkoE. E.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР), Дагестанская опытная станция – филиал ВИРРоссияDagestan Experiment Station of VIR, N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202110092021255528533Copyright © Абдуллаев Р.А., Лебедева Т.В., Алпатьева Н.В., Баташева Б.А., Анисимова И.Н., Радченко Е.Е., 20212021Абдуллаев Р.А., Лебедева Т.В., Алпатьева Н.В., Баташева Б.А., Анисимова И.Н., Радченко Е.Е.Abdullaev R.A., Lebedeva T.V., Alpatieva N.V., Batasheva B.A., Anisimova I.N., Radchenko E.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3110

Мучнистая роса (возбудитель Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) – одно из самых распространенных заболеваний ячменя. Возделывание устойчивых сортов может существенно ограничить вредоносность патогена. Специфичность взаимодействия гриба с растением-хозяином обусловливает необходимость постоянного поиска новых доноров устойчивости. Носителями эффективных генов устойчивости к патогену часто являются образцы местного ячменя. В полевых и лабораторных экспериментах оценили потенциал изменчивости 264 образцов ячменя из Дагестана по устойчивости к B. graminis и изучили генетический контроль признака у выделившихся форм. Исследовали также 47 линий ячменя, несущих ранее идентифицированные гены устойчивости к мучнистой росе. В течение трех лет с использованием балловой шкалы экспериментальный материал оценивали на жестком инфекционном фоне в условиях Дагестанской опытной станции Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (Северный Кавказ, г. Дербент), а в климатической камере исследовали ювенильную устойчивость растений к северо-западной (Санкт-Петербург, г. Пушкин) популяции гриба. Генетический контроль устойчивости к B. graminis у выделенных образцов изучали с помощью гибридологического и молекулярного анализов. Установили, что генетическое разнообразие ячменей Дагестана по эффективной устойчивости к мучнистой росе весьма невелико. Лишь образцы к-23787 и к-28212 устойчивы к дагестанской популяции B. graminis в фазе цветения и к петербургской популяции патогена – в фазе двух листьев. Две географически очень разобщенные популяции гриба оказались идентичны по вирулентности к линиям с ранее идентифицированными генами устойчивости к мучнистой росе. Высокая устойчивость селекционной линии к-28212, полученной с использованием образца местного ячменя из Эфиопии к-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien), контролируется рецессивным геном mlo11. Образец к-17554 гетерогенен по изученному признаку, при этом устойчивые к мучнистой росе генотипы относятся к двум разновидностям: dupliatrum (остистый фенотип) и nigrinudum (безостый фенотип). У образца к-23787 обнаружен рецессивный ген устойчивости, отличающийся от аллеля mlo11. Предполагается, что этот образец защищен новым эффективным геном устойчивости к патогену.

Powdery mildew caused by the parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal is one of the most common diseases of barley. Growing resistant varieties can significantly minimize harmful effects of the pathogen. The specificity in the interaction between the fungus and its host plant requires a continuous search for new donors of the resistance trait. The powdery mildew resistance of 264 barley accessions from Dagestan and genetic control of the trait in resistant forms were studied under field and laboratory conditions. Forty-seven barley lines carrying previously identified powdery mildew resistance genes were also examined. During three years, the experimental material was evaluated under severe infection pressure at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR (North Caucasus, Derbent). Juvenile resistance against the Northwest (St. Petersburg, Pushkin) pathogen population was evaluated in a climatic chamber. The genetic control of B. graminis resistance in the selected accessions was studied with the application of hybridological and molecular analyses. The level of genetic diversity of Dagestan barley for effective resistance to powdery mildew is very low. Only two accessions, VIR-23787 and VIR-28212, are resistant against B. graminis at both seedling and adult plant stages. The high-level resistance of breeding line VIR-28212 originating from barley landrace VIR-17554 (Ep-80 Abyssinien) from Ethiopia is controlled by the recessive gene mlo11. Accession VIR-17554 is heterogeneous for the studied trait, with the powdery mildew resistant genotypes belonging to two varieties, dupliatrum (an awnless phenotype) and nigrinudum (an awned phenotype). In accession VIR-23787, a recessive resistance gene distinct from the mlo11 allele was identified. This accession is supposed to be protected by a new, effective pathogen resistance gene.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.