vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.060vavilov-3111Research ArticleСЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬPLANT BREEDING FOR IMMUNITY AND PERFORMANCEЗначение анатомического строения листа в селекции сиренейThe implication of leaf anatomical structure for the selective breeding of lilacshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8243-3752ПшенниковаЛ. М.PshennikovaL. M.

Владивосток

Vladivostok

pshennikova1@yandex.ruБотанический сад-институт Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наукРоссияBotanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202110092021255534542Copyright © Пшенникова Л.М., 20212021Пшенникова Л.М.Pshennikova L.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3111

Сорта сирени обыкновенной (Syringa vulgaris) на юге российского Дальнего Востока не всегда зимостойки, повреждаются грибными болезнями, что связано с избыточной влажностью климата. Перспективным направлением отечественной селекции сиреней является создание нового селекционного материала с использованием генофонда Syringa oblata и ее гибридов для введения в культурные сорта ценных адаптивных признаков. Целью работы было выявление анатомических особенностей листьев видов и сортов рода Syringa, устойчивых и восприимчивых к возбудителю бурой листовой пятнистости Pseudocercospora lilacis. Исследования проведены на коллекционном материале открытого грунта Ботанического сада-института ДВО РАН. Проанализировано анатомическое строение листа двух видов Syringa, различающихся по устойчивости к P. lilacis в муссонном климате Дальнего Востока: устойчивого S. oblata и слабоустойчивого S. vulgaris, а также гибридных cортов, полученных на их основе. Различия между видами, подвидами и сортами носят количественный характер: число рядов губчатой паренхимы, высота клеток первого ряда палисадной паренхимы, высота клеток верхней и нижней эпидермы, толщина палисадного и губчатого слоя. Устойчивые и малоустойчивые к P. lilacis межвидовые гибриды преимущественно сохраняют анатомическое строение листа материнского растения. Одним из определяющих признаков устойчивости гибридных сортов сиреней является повышенное количество рядов губчатой паренхимы листовой пластинки – признак, передающийся от S. oblata по материнской линии. Создание устойчивых к грибным заболеваниям сортов сиреней целесообразно проводить путем скрещивания видов S. oblata и S. vulgaris или их сортов, используя в качестве материнского растения один из подвидов S. oblata. В ходе исследования анатомии листа установлено, что губчатая ткань из четырех рядов коррелирует с устойчивостью сиреней из подсекции Euvulgaris Schneid. к P. lilacis на юге Приморского края. Этот признак листа S. oblata передается по наследству по материнской линии.

The cultivars of the common lilac (Syringa vulgaris) grown in the south of the Russian Far East are not always winter-hardy and are often damaged by fungal diseases due to a very humid climate. A promising trend in the selective breeding of lilacs in Russia is the creation of new breeding material based on the gene pool of the broadleaf lilac (S. oblata) and its hybrids in order to introduce valuable adaptive traits into cultivars. The present work aimed to identify the traits of leaf anatomy in species and cultivars of Syringa resistant and susceptible to Pseudocercospora lilacis, the causative agent of brown leaf spot disease. The study was carried out on the living collection of the Botanical Garden-Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Vladivostok). The leaf anatomical structure of two Syringa species showing different degrees of resistance to P. lilacis in the monsoon climate of the Far East (resistant S. oblata and weakly resistant S. vulgaris, and also their hybrid cultivars) has been analyzed. The differences between species, subspecies, and cultivars are quantitative: they differ in the number of spongy mesophyll layers, the cell height in the first layer of palisade mesophyll, the cell height in the upper and lower epidermises, and the thickness of both mesophylls. The interspecific hybrids resistant or weakly resistant to P. lilacis (brown leaf spot disease) mainly retain the leaf anatomy structure of the maternal plant. One of the traits determining the resistance of hybrid lilac cultivars is an increased number of spongy mesophyll layers in the leaf blade. The study of leaf anatomy has shown that the four-layered spongy mesophyll leaf parenchyma correlates with the resistance of lilacs from the subsection Euvulgaris to P. lilacis. In S. oblata, this trait is inherited down the maternal line. To establish lilac cultivars resistant to fungal diseases, it is advisable to cross the two species (S. oblata and S. vulgaris) or their cultivars using one of S. oblata subspecies as a maternal plant.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.