vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.062vavilov-3113Research ArticleМОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯMOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGYМеханочувствительные молекулярные взаимодействия в атерогенных районах артерий: развитие атеросклерозаMechanosensitive molecular interactions in atherogenic regions of the arteries: development of atherosclerosisМищенкоЕ. Л.MishchenkoE. L.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

elmish@bionet.nsc.ruМищенкоА. М.MishchenkoA. M.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ИванисенкоВ. А.IvanisenkoV. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationНовосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation202110092021255552­-561Copyright © Мищенко Е.Л., Мищенко А.М., Иванисенко В.А., 20212021Мищенко Е.Л., Мищенко А.М., Иванисенко В.А.Mishchenko E.L., Mishchenko A.M., Ivanisenko V.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3113

Атеросклероз, грозное заболевание сердечно­сосудистой системы, развивается в местах изгибов и разветвлений артерий, где меняются направление и модуль вектора скорости тока крови, а следовательно, механическое воздействие на контактирующие с током крови эндотелиальные клетки. Обзор посвящен актуальным исследованиям развития атеросклероза: механобиохимическим событиям, преобразующим проатерогенный механический стимул тока крови – низкое и низкое/осциллирующее напряжение сдвига, оказываемое на стенки артерий, – в цепи биохимических реакций в эндотелиальных клетках, приводящих к экспрессии специфичных белков, вызывающих прогрессирование патологического процесса. Описаны стадии, системные факторы риска, а также важный гемодинамический фактор атерогенеза: низкое и низкое/осциллирующее напряжение сдвига, оказываемое током крови на эндотелиальные клетки, выстилающие стенки артерий. Показаны взаимодействия молекул клеточной адгезии, ответственные за развитие атеросклероза в условиях низкого и низкого/осциллирующего напряжения сдвига. Описаны активация регулятора экспрессии молекул клеточной адгезии – транскрипционного фактора NF­κB – и факторы, контролирующие его активацию в этих условиях. Описаны механочувствительные сигнальные пути, приводящие к экспрессии NF­κB в эндотелиальных клетках. Исследования механобиохимических сигнальных путей и взаимодействий, вовлеченных в прогрессирование атеросклероза, необходимы для разработки подходов, задерживающих или блокирующих развитие заболевания.

A terrible disease of the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, develops in the areas of bends and branches of arteries, where the direction and modulus of the blood flow velocity vector change, and consequently so does the mechanical effect on endothelial cells in contact with the blood flow. The review focuses on topical research studies on the development of atherosclerosis – mechanobiochemical events that transform the proatherogenic mechanical stimulus of blood flow – low and low/oscillatory arterial wall shear stress in the chains of biochemical reactions in endothelial cells, leading to the expression of specific proteins that cause the progression of the pathological process. The stages of atherogenesis, systemic risk factors for atherogenesis and its important hemodynamic factor, low and low/oscillatory wall shear stress exerted by blood flow on the endothelial cells lining the arterial walls, have been described. The interactions of cell adhesion molecules responsible for the development of atherosclerosis under low and low/oscillating shear stress conditions have been demonstrated. The activation of the regulator of the expression of cell adhesion molecules, the transcription factor NF­κB, and the factors regulating its activation under these conditions have been described. Mechanosensitive signaling pathways leading to the expression of NF­κB in endothelial cells have been described. Studies of the mechanobiochemical signaling pathways and interactions involved in the progression of atherosclerosis provide valuable information for the development of approaches that delay or block the development of this disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.