vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ15.118vavilov-312Research ArticleСтатьиArticles«УТЕРЯННЫЙ ПРЕДОК» КОНСКИХ БОБОВ (VICIA FABA L.) И НАЧАЛО ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА БЛИЖНЕМ ВОСТОКЕTHE LOST ANCESTOR OF THE BROAD BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND THE ORIGIN OF PLANT CULTIVATION IN THE NEAR EASTКостеринО. Э.KosterinO. E.kosterin@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Новосибирск, Россия Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет, Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation201421012015184/1831840Copyright © Костерин О.Э., 20152015Костерин О.Э.Kosterin O.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/312

Конские бобы (Vicia faba L.) принадлежат к набору культур, с которых начиналось культивирование растений на Ближнем Востоке, однако их дикий предок или близкие сородичи до сих пор неизвестны. Предполагается, что дикий предок бобов имел ограниченный ареал в Леванте и был тесно связан с растительным сообществом, ограниченным по площади, вследствие чего оказался одомашнен целиком как вид. Возможно, его местообитания были связаны с границей речной поймы и склона (так называемый «трансэлювиально-аккумулятивный барьер»), отличающейся благоприятными почвенными условиями. Эти ограниченные природные местообитания бобов могли стать фокусом приложения нарождающегося возделывания растений, становясь тем самым прообразом будущих полей. Предполагается, что конские бобы, будучи заметными высокими растениями с крупными семенами и ограниченным местообитаниям, могли служить «стартовой культурой» для возникновения сельского хозяйства на Ближнем Востоке и способствовать самому возникновению идеи и практики возделывания растений и «изобретению» поля.

The broad bean (Vicia faba L.) was among the founder crops of the Near East; nevertheless, its wild close relatives remain unknown. Presumably, its missing wild progenitor had a small range within the Levant and was associated with restricted habitats, so that it was domesticated entirely as a species. Its habitats are supposed to have been situated along floodplain/slope borders (“transeluvial-accumulative barriers”) providing favorable edaphic conditions. These restricted natural habitats of the broad bean could be foci of early cultivation activities, thus becoming nascent fields. It is hypothesized that the broad bean, a conspicuous plant with large seeds and restricted habitats, could be the Near Eastern “primer crop”, which provoked the first emergence of the idea and practice of plant cultivation and “invention” of the field.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.