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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.074</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3139</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Необычная врожденная полидактилия мини-свиней селекционной группы ИЦиГ СО РАН</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Unusual congenital polydactyly in mini-pigs from the breeding group of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibirsk, Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-5450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-0795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Князев</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knyazev</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0454-8359</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-4853</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проскурякова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Proskuryakova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмидт</surname><given-names>Ю. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmidt</surname><given-names>Yu. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0885-2772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатохин</surname><given-names>К. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatokhin</surname><given-names>K. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">true_genetic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Запорожец</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaporozhets</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9725-3888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башур</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashur</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коршунова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korshunova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолаев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolaev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной и клеточной биологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук;&#13;
Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>652</fpage><lpage>660</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитин С.В., Князев С.П., Трифонов В.А., Проскурякова А.А., Шмидт Ю.Д., Шатохин К.С., Запорожец В.И., Башур Д.С., Коршунова Е.В., Ермолаев В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитин С.В., Князев С.П., Трифонов В.А., Проскурякова А.А., Шмидт Ю.Д., Шатохин К.С., Запорожец В.И., Башур Д.С., Коршунова Е.В., Ермолаев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitin S.V., Knyazev S.P., Trifonov V.A., Proskuryakova A.A., Shmidt Y.D., Shatokhin K.S., Zaporozhets V.I., Bashur D.S., Korshunova E.V., Ermolaev V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3139">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3139</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведено описание нового для мини-свиней селекционной группы Института цитологии и генетики (ИЦиГ) СО РАН феномена – полидактилии (многопалости). Она отличается от описанных ранее у Sus scrofa проявлений этой аномалии тем, что дополнительные пальцы располагаются либо на латеральной стороне конечностей, либо и на латеральной, и на медиальной. Аномалия впервые была обнаружена в 2017 г. у взрослых животных, предназначенных для выбраковки по причине неправильной постановки ног («медвежья лапа»). Таким образом, полидактилия мини-свиней ИЦиГ имеет явно выраженный негативный селекционный эффект. Проведено визуальное обследование поголовья и составлено описание этой аномалии. Полидактилия мини-свиней ИЦиГ является изолированной и не входит в состав каких-либо синдромов. Особи с полидактилией могут иметь дополнительные пальцы или на грудных, или на грудных и тазовых конечностях. На грудных конечностях могут присутствовать либо по одному латеральному дополнительному пальцу, либо латеральный палец и медиально расположенное зачаточное копытце. </p><p>На тазовых конечностях встречаются только латеральные дополнительные пальцы. Анатомо-морфологические исследования показали, что латеральный дополнительный палец – анатомически достаточно полноценная структура, тогда как медиальный зачаток представлен только копытцем без остальных, свойственных нормальным пальцам, структур. Цитологическое исследование не выявило кариотипических особенностей, за исключением ранее описанной для мини-свиней ИЦиГ робертсоновской транслокации Rb 16;17. Впрочем, результаты исследований не указывают на сцепление полидактилии и робертсоновской транслокации. Генеалогический анализ и результаты скрещиваний позволяют принять в качестве рабочей гипотезы предположение о рецессивном наследовании признака. В целом исследование показало, что данная форма полидактилии анатомически и морфологически уникальна и не типична для вида S. scrofa, у которого ранее были описаны только формы полидактилии с медиальными дополнительными пальцами, как правило, наследуемые по доминантному типу с неполной пенетрантностью. В нашем случае результаты анализирующих скрещиваний указывают на рецессивное и, возможно, немоногенное наследование признака с варьирующей экспрессией и неполной пенетрантностью, из-за которой слабо выраженные мутантные фенотипы визуально не фиксируются.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes a new phenomenon in the breeding group of mini-pigs at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG, Novosibirsk): polydactyly (extra digits), which is unusual because the additional digits are situated at the lateral surface of legs or at the lateral and medial ones. This anomaly was first found here in 2017 in adult animals intended for culling due to incorrect positioning of the legs caused by flexor tendon laxity and resulting in weight-bearing on the palmar surface of the proximal phalanges (“bear’s paw”). Therefore, the polydactyly of mini-pigs has a pronounced negative selection effect. A visual survey of the livestock was conducted, and a description of the detected anomaly was compiled. The polydactyly in mini-pigs is a stand-alone trait and is not part of any syndromes. Individuals with polydactyly may have extra digits either on pectoral or on pectoral and pelvic limbs. On thoracic limbs, there may be either one lateral digit or a lateral digit and a medially located rudimentary hooflet. On pelvic limbs, only lateral extra digits can occur. Anatomical and morphological analyses showed that the lateral extra digit is an anatomically complete (“mature”) structure, whereas the medial rudimentary digit consists of only a hooflet without other structures characteristic of normal digits. Cytological examination revealed no specific karyotypic features, except for Robertsonian translocation Rb 16;17 previously reported for the mini-pigs of the same livestock. Cytological findings indicated that the polydactyly and Robertsonian translocation are not linked genetically. Genealogical analysis and results of crosses are consistent with a working hypothesis of recessive inheritance of the trait. Overall, the study shows that this type of polydactyly is anatomically and morphologically unique and not typical of Sus scrofa. In this species, only polydactyly types with medial accessory toes have been described and are usually inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. In our case, the results of test crosses indicate recessive inheritance of the trait with varying expression and incomplete penetrance, because of which poorly expressed phenotypes are not visually detectable.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полидактилия</kwd><kwd>многопалость</kwd><kwd>латеральное и медиальное положение</kwd><kwd>мини-свиньи ИЦиГ СО РАН</kwd><kwd>рецессивное наследование</kwd><kwd>неполная пенетрантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polydactyly</kwd><kwd>multi-fingeredness</kwd><kwd>lateral and medial position</kwd><kwd>mini-pigs of ICG SB RAS</kwd><kwd>recessive inheritance</kwd><kwd>incomplete penentrance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported by government funding within project No. 0259-2021-0015. 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