vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.082vavilov-3175Research ArticleСТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙSTRESS RESISTANCE IN PLANTSКомплексная устойчивость линий яровой и озимой мягкой пшеницы к биотическим и абиотическим стрессамComplex resistance of spring and winter bread wheat lines to biotic and abiotic stresseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2328-2798ЛапочкинаИ. Ф.LapochkinaI. F.

пос. Новоивановское, Московская область

Novoivanovskoe, Moscow region

inna-lapochkina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0970-662XГайнуллинН. Р.GainullinN. R.

пос. Новоивановское, Московская область

Novoivanovskoe, Moscow region

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9439-2102БарановаО. А.BaranovaO. A.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9577-8816КоваленкоН. М.KovalenkoN. M.

Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург

Pushkin, St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-8089МарченковаЛ. А.MarchenkovaL. A.

пос. Новоивановское, Московская область

Novoivanovskoe, Moscow region

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-075XПавловаО. В.PavlovaO. V.

пос. Новоивановское, Московская область

Novoivanovskoe, Moscow region

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8321-0307МитрошинаО. В.MitroshinaO. V.

пос. Новоивановское, Московская область

Novoivanovskoe, Moscow region

Федеральный исследовательский центр «Немчиновка»РоссияFederal Research Center “Nemchinovka”Russian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растенийРоссияAll-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionRussian Federation202102122021257723731Copyright © Лапочкина И.Ф., Гайнуллин Н.Р., Баранова О.А., Коваленко Н.М., Марченкова Л.А., Павлова О.В., Митрошина О.В., 20212021Лапочкина И.Ф., Гайнуллин Н.Р., Баранова О.А., Коваленко Н.М., Марченкова Л.А., Павлова О.В., Митрошина О.В.Lapochkina I.F., Gainullin N.R., Baranova O.A., Kovalenko N.M., Marchenkova L.A., Pavlova O.V., Mitroshina O.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3175

Оригинальный исходный материал яровой и озимой мягкой пшеницы с групповой устойчивостью к стеблевой и бурой ржавчинам создан с использованием новых доноров устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине – озимой мягкой пшеницы GT 96/90 (Болгария) и линии 119/4-06rw с генетическим материалом соответственно видов Triticum migushovae и (Aegilops speltoides и Secale cereale), линии яровой пшеницы 113/00i-4, полученной с использованием видов Ae. triuncialis и T. kiharae, а также ярового образца 145/00i с генетическим материалом вида Ae.  speltoides, устойчивого к бурой ржавчине. Передачу эффективных Sr-генов потомству отслеживали с помощью молекулярных маркеров. Новые линии прошли полевую оценку устойчивости к бурой и стеблевой ржавчине при эпифитотийном развитии болезней в Центральном регионе Российской Федерации, а также на Северном Кавказе и в Западной Сибири и показали высокую устойчивость к этим патогенам. Четырнадцать генотипов с групповой устойчивостью к этим болезням и родительские формы, принимавшие участие в происхождении линий, в лабораторных условиях оценили на устойчивость к темно-бурой (Cochliobolus sativus) и желтой (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) пятнистостям c применением изолятов из Казахстана и Омска. Выделена высокоустойчивая родительская форма озимой мягкой пшеницы из коллекции «Арсенал», 119/4-06rw (пшенично-эгилопсно-ржаной гибрид 2n = 42) с групповой устойчивостью к двум пятнистостям и четыре среднеустойчивых генотипа к обоим изолятам желтой пятнистости (из казахстанской и омской популяций патогена), а также генотипы, устойчивые к омскому изоляту P. tritici-repentis (родительская форма 113/00i-4 и линии 1-16i, 6-16i, 9-16i). Среди образцов озимой пшеницы выделено четыре с групповой устойчивостью к темно-бурой и желтой пятнистостям. Дополнительно оценена стрессоустойчивость линий в лабораторных условиях на ранних этапах онтогенеза к засолению NaCl и длительному затоплению семян водой. Линии 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i и 9-16i проявили высокую способность противостоять избытку влаги. Высокой солеустойчивостью, превышающей средний показатель, 49.7 %, характеризовались линии 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i и 3-16i. Среди озимых генотипов выделены образцы с повышенной устойчивостью к гипоксии, 37-19w, 32-19w, 16-19w, 90-19w, и солеустойчивостью – 20-19w, 9-19w, 37-19w, 90-19w, достоверно превышающие стандартный сорт Московская 39. Эти образцы представляют интерес как источники к анаэробному и солевому стрессу, а также как доноры устойчивости к группе грибных заболеваний: бурой и стеблевой ржавчинам и желтой пятнистости листьев. Повышенный уровень устойчивости нового исходного материала мы связываем с наличием чужеродных транслокаций у исходных родительских форм, участвовавших в происхождении линий.

An original initial material of spring and winter bread wheat with group resistance to stem and leaf rust was developed using new donors of resistance to stem rust: winter soft wheat GT 96/90 (Bulgaria) and accession 119/4-06rw with genetic material of the species Triticum migushovae and (Aegilops speltoides and Secale cereale), respectively, a line of spring wheat 113/00i-4 obtained using the species Ae. triuncialis and T. kiharae, as well as spring accession 145/00i with genetic material of the species Ae. speltoides resistant to leaf rust. The transfer of effective Sr-genes to progeny was monitored using molecular markers. New lines underwent a field assessment of resistance to leaf and stem rust in the epiphytotic development of diseases in the Central Region of the Russian Federation, as well as in the North Caucasus and Western Siberia, and showed high resistance to these pathogens. Fourteen genotypes of spring wheat with group resistance to these diseases and parental forms that participated in the origin of the lines were evaluated for resistance to spot blotch (Cochliobolus sativus) and tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) using isolates from Kazakhstan and Omsk in laboratory conditions. A highly resistant parental form of winter soft wheat from “Arsenal” collection 119/4-06rw (wheat-Ae. speltoides-rye hybrid 2n = 42) with group resistance to two spots, four medium-resistant genotypes to both isolates of tan spot from Kazakhstan and Omsk populations of the pathogen, as well as genotypes resistant to the Omsk isolate of P. triticirepentis (parental form 113/00i-4 and lines 1-16i, 6-16i, 9-16i) were isolated. Among the lines of winter wheat, four were identified with group resistance to spot blotch and tan spot. Additionally, the stress resistance of the lines to NaCl salinization and prolonged flooding of seeds with water was evaluated at the early stages of ontogenesis in laboratory conditions. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 9-16i showed a high ability to withstand excess moisture. Lines 33-16i, 37-16i, 32-16i and 3-16i were characterized by high salt tolerance, exceeding the average of 49.7 %. Among the winter genotypes, lines were identified with increased resistance to hypoxia (37-19w, 32-19w, 16-19w, 90-19w) and with increased salt tolerance (20-19w, 9-19w, 37-19w, 90-19w), significantly exceeding the standard cv. Moskovskaya 39. The listed lines are of interest as sources of resistance to anaerobic and salt stress, as well as donors of resistance to a group of fungal diseases: leaf and stem rust and tan spot. We attribute the increased level of resistance of the new initial material to the presence of alien translocations in the original parental forms involved in the origin of the lines.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.