vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.084vavilov-3177Research ArticleСТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙSTRESS RESISTANCE IN PLANTSГен Sr38: значение для селекции мягкой пшеницы в условиях Западной СибириThe gene Sr38 for bread wheat breeding in Western Siberiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-5695СколотневаЕ. С.SkolotnevaE. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

sk-ska@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3455-5704КельбинВ. Н.KelbinV. N.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-9957ШаманинВ. П.ShamaninV. P.

Омск

Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-4907БойкоН. И.BoykoN. I.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-7216АпаринаВ. А.AparinaV. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-847XСалинаЕ. А.SalinaE. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationОмский государственный аграрный университет им. П.А. СтолыпинаРоссияOmsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. StolypinRussian FederationСибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАНРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RASRussian Federation202103122021257740745Copyright © Сколотнева Е.С., Кельбин В.Н., Шаманин В.П., Бойко Н.И., Апарина В.А., Салина Е.А., 20212021Сколотнева Е.С., Кельбин В.Н., Шаманин В.П., Бойко Н.И., Апарина В.А., Салина Е.А.Skolotneva E.S., Kelbin V.N., Shamanin V.P., Boyko N.I., Aparina V.A., Salina E.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3177

Современная селекция пшеницы на иммунитет широко применяет генетический резерв близкородственных видов из семейства Triticeae. Транслокация 2NS/2AS привнесена в геном культурного злака Triticum aestivum от дикорастущего сородича T. ventricosum и содержит гены Lr37, Yr17 и Sr38, которые отвечают за устойчивость пшеницы на уровне проростков к бурой, желтой и стеблевой ржавчине с соответствующими возбудителями: Puccinia triticina Eriks., P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici и P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. Данная транслокация известна в таких мировых сортах, как Trident, Madsen, Rendezvous, а также в отечественных сортах южной селекции Морозко, Сварог, Граф, Маркиз и Гомер. При этом ген Sr38 до сих пор не введен в производственные сорта, высеваемые на территории Западной Сибири, поэтому сохраняет практическое значение для селекции на иммунитет в областях, где патогенная популяция P. graminis f. sp. tritici представлена авирулентными клонами. Основная цель работы состояла в анализе частоты а/вирулентных клонов к гену Sr38 в расширенной западносибирской выборке возбудителя стеблевой ржавчины. В лаборатории с контролируемым климатом (Институт цитологии и генетики СО РАН) на проростках универсального восприимчивого сорта Хакасская выделено 139 монопустульных изолятов P. graminis f. sp. tritici из образцов урединиоспор Новосибирской, Омской областей, Алтайского и Красноярского края, собранных в 2019–2020 гг. на производственных и селекционных посевах мягкой пшеницы. Путем заражения тестерных генотипов пшеницы, несущих ген Sr38 (VPM1 и Trident), выявлены вариации по частоте а/вирулентных клонов в географических образцах P. graminis f. sp. tritici. В целом текущая западносибирская популяция представлена на 60 % авирулентными клонами гриба к гену Sr38, при этом в образцах популяции из Красноярского края не выявлено ни одного вирулентного изолята. Поиск источников гена устойчивости к стеблевой ржавчине среди отечественного селекционного материала был выполнен с помощью специфических молекулярных маркеров на транслокацию 2NS/2AS. Исходя из перспективы использования в регионе, выбор проводили среди коллекции линий и сортов мягкой яровой пшеницы Омского ГАУ, адаптированных к условиям Западной Сибири. Присутствие гена постулировалось путем проведения процедуры генотипирования с помощью специфических праймеров (VENTRIUP-LN2) и фитопатологического тестирования авирулентными клонами гриба. Носителями доминантных аллелей гена Sr38 оказались линии Лютесценс 12-18, Лютесценс 81-17, Лютесценс 66-16, Эритроспермум 79/07, 9-31 и 8-26. Полученные данные по составу образцов западносибирской популяции P. graminis f. sp. tritici позволяют рассматривать ген Sr38 в качестве кандидата для включения в селекцию пшеницы в Красноярском крае, а также в составе генных пирамид в Новосибирской области и Алтайском крае.

Present-day wheat breeding for immunity exploits extensively closely related species from the family Triticeae as gene donors. The 2NS/2AS translocation has been introduced into the genome of the cultivated cereal Triticum aestivum from the wild relative T. ventricosum. It contains the Lr37, Yr17, and Sr38 genes, which support seedling resistance to the pathogens Puccinia triticina Eriks., P. striiformis West. f. sp. tritici, and P. graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn, which cause brown, yellow, and stem rust of wheat, respectively. This translocation is present in the varieties Trident, Madsen, and Rendezvous grown worldwide and in the Russian varieties Morozko, Svarog, Graf, Marquis, and Homer bred in southern regions. However, the Sr38 gene has not yet been introduced into commercial varieties in West Siberia; thus, it remains of practical importance for breeding in areas where populations of P. graminis f. sp. tritici are represented by avirulent clones. The main goal of this work was to analyze the frequency of clones (a)virulent to the Sr38 gene in an extended West Siberian collection of stem rust agent isolates. In 2019–2020, 139 single pustule isolates of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained on seedlings of the standard susceptible cultivar Khakasskaya in an environmentally controlled laboratory (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS) from samples of urediniospores collected on commercial and experimental bread wheat fields in the Novosibirsk, Omsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions. By inoculating test wheat genotypes carrying Sr38 (VPM1 and Trident), variations in the purity of (a)virulent clones were detected in geographical samples of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. In general, clones avirulent to Sr38 constitute 60 % of the West Siberian fungus population, whereas not a single virulent isolate was detected in the Krasnoyarsk collection. The Russian breeding material was screened for sources of the stem rust resistance gene by using molecular markers specific to the 2NS/2AS translocation. A collection of hybrid lines and varieties of bread spring wheat adapted to West Siberia (Omsk SAU) was analyzed to identify accessions promising for the region. The presence of the gene was postulated by genotyping with specific primers (VENTRIUP-LN2) and phytopathological tests with avirulent clones of the fungus. Dominant Sr38 alleles were identified in Lutescens 12-18, Lutescens 81-17, Lutescens 66-16, Erythrospermum 79/07, 9-31, and 8-26. On the grounds of the composition of the West Siberian P. graminis f. sp. tritici population, the Sr38 gene can be considered a candidate for pyramiding genotypes promising for the Novosibirsk, Altai, and Krasnoyarsk regions.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.