vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.088vavilov-3181Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ В ПОСТГЕНОМНУЮ ЭРУBiotechnology in the postgenomic epoch BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE POSTGENOMIC EPOCHИспользование синтетической формы RS5 для получения новых интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницыUsing the synthetic form RS5 to obtain new introgressive lines of common wheathttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-5161ДавоянР. О.DavoyanR. O.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

davoyanro@mail.ruБебякинаИ. В.BebyakinaI. V.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

ДавоянЭ. Р.DavoyanE. R.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

ЗубановаЮ. С.ZubanovaY. S.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

БолдаковД. М.BoldakovD. M.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

МиковД. С.MikovD. S.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

БибишевВ. А.BibishevV. A.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

ЗинченкоА. Н.ZinchenkoA. N.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

БадаеваЕ. Д.BadaevaE. D.

Москва

Moscow

Национальный центр зерна им. П.П. ЛукьяненкоРоссияNational Center of Grain named after P.P. LukyanenkoRussian FederationИнститут общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наукРоссияVavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202103122021257770777Copyright © Давоян Р.О., Бебякина И.В., Давоян Э.Р., Зубанова Ю.С., Болдаков Д.М., Миков Д.С., Бибишев В.А., Зинченко А.Н., Бадаева Е.Д., 20212021Давоян Р.О., Бебякина И.В., Давоян Э.Р., Зубанова Ю.С., Болдаков Д.М., Миков Д.С., Бибишев В.А., Зинченко А.Н., Бадаева Е.Д.Davoyan R.O., Bebyakina I.V., Davoyan E.R., Zubanova Y.S., Boldakov D.M., Mikov D.S., Bibishev V.A., Zinchenko A.N., Badaeva E.D.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3181

Актуальной задачей селекции мягкой пшеницы является вовлечение генофонда диких сородичей, обладающих значительным запасом генетического разнообразия. Эффективный метод передачи ценного генетического материала от диких сородичей в культурную пшеницу – создание и использование в качестве «мостиков» синтетических форм. С этой целью в Национальном центре зерна им. П.П. Лукьяненко созданы геномно-замещенные, геномно-добавленные и рекомбинантные «вторичные» синтетические формы. Синтетическая форма RS5 (BBAASDt ), у которой третий геном состоит из хромосом Aegilops speltoides (S) и Aegilops tauschii (Dt ), была получена от скрещивания синтетических форм Авродес (BBAASS) и M.it./Ae. tauschii (BBAADt Dt ), у которой геном D от Ae. tauschii был добавлен к геномам BBAA твердой пшеницы Mutico italicum. От беккроссов с восприимчивыми к листовой ржавчине, желтой ржавчине и мучнистой росе сортами мягкой пшеницы Краснодарская 99, Ростислав и Жировка были получены устойчивые к этим болезням интрогрессивные линии. Отобраны 12 линий, которые наряду с устойчивостью к болезням имеют высокие технологические характеристики зерна и муки. Цитологический анализ (С-banding) выявил хромосомные перестройки у шести из восьми исследуемых линий. Перестройки в основном затронули хромосомы генома D – 1D, 3D, 4D, 6D и 7D. Установлено, что генетический материал от синтетической формы RS5 в изученных линиях в большинстве случаев представлен в виде замещенных хромосом от Ae. tauschii. В линии 5791п17 обнаружено замещение хромосом 6D от Ae. tauschii и 7D от Ae. speltoides. Хромосомные замещения 4D(4Dt ), 6D(6Dt ) от Ae. tauschii и 7D(7S) от Ae. speltoides получены впервые. Молекулярный анализ 12 линий не выявил у них эффективных генов устойчивости к листовой ржавчине, предположительно присутствующих в синтетических формах M.it./Ae. tauschii и Авродес. Сделано предположение, что линии могут нести не идентифицированные ранее гены устойчивости к грибным болезням, в частности к листовой ржавчине, от видов Ae. tauschii и Ae. speltoides.

The use of the gene pool of wild relatives, which have a significant reserve of genetic diversity, is of immediate interest for breeding common wheat. The creation and use of synthetic forms as “bridges” is an effective method of transferring valuable genetic material from wild relatives to cultivated wheat. For this purpose, genome addition, genome substitution and recombinant “secondary” synthetic forms have been created in the P.P. Lukyanenko National Center of Grain. The synthetic recombination form RS5 (BBAASDt ), in which the third genome consists of chromosomes of Aegilops speltoides (S) and Aegilops tauschii (Dt ), was obtained from crossing the synthetic forms Avrodes (BBAASS) and M.it./Ae. tauschii (BBAADt Dt ), in which the D genome from Ae. tauschii was added to the BBAA genomes of the durum wheat cultivar Mutico italicum. Introgression lines resistant to leaf rust, yellow rust and powdery mildew have been obtained from backcrosses with the susceptible common wheat cultivars Krasnodarskaya 99, Rostislav and Zhirovka. Twelve resistant lines that additionally have high technological characteristics of grain and flour have been selected. The cytological study (С-banding) has revealed chromosomal modifications in 6 of 8 lines under study. The rearrangements mainly affected the chromosomes of the D genome, 1D, 3D, 4D, 6D and 7D. It was found that in most cases the genetic material from the synthetic form RS5 in the studied lines was represented by substituted chromosomes from Ae. tauschii. In line 5791p17, the substitution of chromosomes 6D from Ae. tauschii and 7D from Ae. speltoides was revealed. Substitutions 4D(4Dt ), 6D(6Dt ) from Ae. tauschii and 7D(7S) from Ae. speltoides were obtained for the first time. Molecular analysis of 12 lines did not reveal effective leaf rust resistance genes, presumably present in synthetic forms of M.it./Ae. tauschii and Avrodes. It is assumed that the lines may carry previously unidentified genes for fungal disease resistance, in particular for resistance to leaf rust, from Ae. tauschii and Ae. speltoides.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.