vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.092vavilov-3197Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGГенетический полиморфизм аборигенных абхазских сортов виноградаGenetic polymorphism of local Abkhazian grape cultivarshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-0971ИльницкаяЕ. Т.IlnitskayaE. T.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

Ilnitskaya79@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-0666МакаркинаМ. В.MakarkinaM. V.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-300XСтепановИ. В.StepanovI. V.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0355-8395СупрунИ. И.SuprunI. I.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-7757ТокмаковС. В.TokmakovS. V.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

АйбаВ. Ш.AibaV. Ch.

Сухум, Абхазия

Sukhum, Abkhazia

АвидзбаМ. А.AvidzbaM. A.

Сухум, Абхазия

Sukhum, Abkhazia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-0323КотлярВ. К.KotlyarV. K.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделияРоссияNorth-Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, WinemakingRussian FederationИнститут сельского хозяйства Академии наук АбхазииАбхазияInstitute of Agriculture of the Academy of Sciences of AbkhaziaAbkhazia202101012022258797804Copyright © Ильницкая Е.Т., Макаркина М.В., Степанов И.В., Супрун И.И., Токмаков С.В., Айба В.Ш., Авидзба М.А., Котляр В.К., 20222022Ильницкая Е.Т., Макаркина М.В., Степанов И.В., Супрун И.И., Токмаков С.В., Айба В.Ш., Авидзба М.А., Котляр В.К.Ilnitskaya E.T., Makarkina M.V., Stepanov I.V., Suprun I.I., Tokmakov S.V., Aiba V.C., Avidzba M.A., Kotlyar V.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3197

Аборигенные сорта винограда различных стран мира – важная часть генофонда культуры. Особый интерес вызывают генотипы наиболее древних регионов виноградарства. Территории субтропической зоны Грузии и центральной части Абхазии относят к одному из центров возникновения культурной виноградной лозы. Целью работы было генотипирование аборигенных абхазских сортов винограда, изучение их генетического разнообразия на основе данных ДНК-профилирования и сравнение с генотипами местных сортов других регионов виноградарства. Образцы растений были отобраны на территории Республики Абхазия в частных подворьях и в коллекции агрофирмы «Вина и воды Абхазии». Генотипирование абхазских сортов Авасирхва, Агбиж, Ажапшь, Ажижкваква, Ажикваца, Атвижь, Атыркуажь, Ачкыкажь, Качич выполнено с помощью 14 ДНК-маркеров, девять из которых являются стандартными микросателлитными маркерами, рекомендованными для паспортизации сортов винограда. Для уточнения размеров идентифицированных аллелей в работе использовали ДНК сортов винограда с известным аллельным составом по анализируемым локусам. Статистический анализ данных показал, что фактическая гетерозиготность по анализируемым локусам превысила ожидаемую, что говорит о генетическом полиморфизме исследуемой выборки сортов. Оценка генетического сходства внутри анализируемой группы по результатам генотипирования по 14 локусам показала отличие сортов Качич и Ажапшь от остальных абхазских сортов. Полученные ДНК-профили абхазских сортов были проверены на предмет соответствия ДНК-паспортам сортов винограда, представленных в международной базе данных. Грузинские сорта Ажижкваква и Цицка оказались синонимами по паспортам ДНК; у двух сортов из базы данных (итальянский Albana bianca и грузинский Оджалеши) обнаружены отличия в ДНК-паспортах от сортов Атыркуажь и Ажикваца соответственно только по одному аллелю. При сравнении идентифицированных абхазских генотипов винограда показано их отличие от выборки дагестанских, донских, греческих, турецких, итальянских, испанских и французских сортов и генетическое сходство с генотипами винограда Грузии.

Local grape cultivars from different countries of the world are an important part of the gene pool of this culture. Of particular interest are the genotypes of the most ancient regions of viticulture. The territories of the subtropical zone of Georgia and the central part of Abkhazia belong to one of the centers of origin of the cultural grapevine. The purpose of the work was to genotype native Abkhazian grape cultivars, to study their genetic diversity based on DNA profiling data and to compare them with the genotypes of local varieties of other viticultural regions. Samples of plants were taken on the territory of the Republic of Abkhazia in private farmsteads and in the collection of the agricultural firm “Vina i Vody Abkhazii“ (“Wines and Waters of Abkhazia”). The genotyping of the Abkhazian cultivars Avasirhva, Agbizh, Azhapsh, Azhizhkvakva, Azhikvaca, Atvizh, Atyrkuazh, Achkykazh, Kachich was carried out using 14 DNA markers, 9 of which are standard microsatellite markers recommended for the identification of grape varieties. To improve our knowledge about the sizes of the identified alleles, we used the DNA of grape cultivars with a known allelic composition at the analyzed loci. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the observed heterozygosity for the analyzed loci exceeded expected values, which indicates a genetic polymorphism of the studied sample of varieties. Evaluation of genetic similarity within the analyzed group based on the results of genotyping at 14 loci showed that the cultivars Kachich and Azhapsh differed from the other Abkhazian varieties. The obtained DNA profiles of the Abkhazian cultivars were checked for compliance with DNA-fingerprints of grape varieties in the Vitis International Variety Catalogue. The Georgian varieties Azhizhkvakva and Tsitska turned out to be synonyms according to DNA profiles, two varieties from the Database (Italian Albana bianca and Georgian Ojaleshi) have differences in DNA-fingerprints from the varieties Atyrkuazh and Azhikvatsa only in one allele, respectively. When comparing the identified Abkhazian grape genotypes, their difference from the sample of Dagestan, Don, Greek, Turkish, Italian, Spanish, and French varieties and genetic similarity with the genotypes of Georgian grapes were shown.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.