vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.093vavilov-3198Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGВзаимосвязь между генетическим статусом локуса Vrn-1 и размерами корневой системы у мягкой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L.)The relationship between the genetic status of the Vrn-1 locus and the size of the root system in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3023-767XСмирноваО. Г.SmirnovaO. G.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-916XПшеничниковаТ. А.PshenichnikovaT. A.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

wheatpsh@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202101012022258805811Copyright © Смирнова О.Г., Пшеничникова Т.А., 20222022Смирнова О.Г., Пшеничникова Т.А.Smirnova O.G., Pshenichnikova T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3198

Одним из главных способов тонкой настройки адаптационного потенциала сортов пшеницы является регулирование сроков цветения с использованием генов локуса Vrn-1, определяющего тип и скорость развития. Исследования, связывающие сроки цветения с формированием корневой системы в нормальных и засушливых условиях, единичны. Недавно с использованием интрогрессированных и изогенных линий пшеницы было показано, что локус Vrn-1 участвует в генетическом контроле длины и массы корней и угла наклона корней в почве как на поливе, так и на засухе. Из трех гомеоаллельных генов – Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1 и Vrn-D1 – ген Vrn A1 наиболее сильно уменьшал размеры корневой системы у озимого генотипа. Целью нашей работы было определить, влияет ли аллельный состав генов локуса Vrn-1 на развитие корневой системы у различающихся по срокам цветения семи яровых сортов и двух линий мягкой пшеницы в условиях нормального полива и засухи. Исследования проведены в условиях гидропонной теплицы, засуха создавалась на стадии кущения. Мы показали, что раннецветущие сорта пшеницы с доминантным аллелем Vrn-A1а в нормальных условиях полива имеют корни меньшей массы и длины по сравнению с поздноцветущими носителями доминантных гомеоаллелей Vrn-B1 и Vrn-D1. На засухе длина корней уменьшалась незначительно, а вот масса корней достоверно снижалась у всех генотипов, за исключением сорта Диамант 2. Мы предположили, что уровень транскрипционного фактора VRN-1 на момент наступления засухи может оказывать влияние на размер корневой системы. Большой размах изменчивости по массе корней может свидетельствовать об участии, помимо локуса Vrn-1, других генных сетей в формировании этого признака. Селекционерам, работающим над созданием скороспелых сортов, следует учитывать возможность уменьшения размеров корневой системы, особенно в засушливых условиях. Значительное увеличение массы корней у линии 821 с интрогрессиями в хромосомы 2А, 2В и 5А от вида T. timopheevii указывает на возможность использования сородичей в качестве источника увеличения размера корней у пшеницы.

One of the main ways to fine-tune the adaptive potential of wheat cultivars is to regulate the timing of flowering using the genes of the Vrn-1 locus, which determines the type and rate of development. Recently, with the use of introgression and isogenic lines of bread wheat, it was shown that this locus is involved in the genetic control of root length and weight both under irrigation and drought conditions. It turned out that the VrnA1 gene is associated with a significant decrease in the size of the root system in a winter genotype. The Vrn-A1 gene had the strongest effect on the reduction of the root system in comparison with the homoeoallelic genes Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. The aim of this work was to determine whether the allelic composition of the genes at the Vrn-1 locus affects the root size in seven spring cultivars and in two lines of bread wheat differing in flowering time under conditions of normal watering and drought. The research was carried out in a hydroponic greenhouse; drought was created at the tillering stage. In this work, we have shown that early flowering wheat cultivars with the dominant Vrn-A1а allele have more lightweight and shorter roots under normal watering conditions compared to the late flowering carriers of the dominant homoeoalleles Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. In drought conditions, the root length decreased insignificantly, but the weight of the roots significantly decreased in all genotypes, with the exception of Diamant 2. It has been hypothesized that the level of the transcription factor VRN-1 at the onset of drought may affect the size of the root system. The large variability in root weight may indicate the participation, in addition to the Vrn-1 locus, of other gene networks in the formation of this trait. Breeders working to develop early maturing varieties should consider the possibility of reducing the root size, especially in arid conditions. A significant increase in the root size of line 821 with introgressions into chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 5A from T. timopheevii indicates the possibility of using congeners as a source of increasing the trait in wheat.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.