vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.094vavilov-3199Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGБиотехнологии гаплоидов как инструмент создания селекционного материалаHaploid biotechnology as a tool for creating a selection material for sugar beetshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-5129КолесниковаЕ. О.KolesnikovaE. O.

Рамонский район, Воронежская область, Россия

Ramonsky district, Voronezh region, Russia

kolelkbn@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-5129ДонскихЕ. И.DonskikhE. I.

Рамонский район, Воронежская область, Россия

Ramonsky district, Voronezh region, Russia

БердниковР. В.BerdnikovR. V.

Рамонский район, Воронежская область, Россия

Ramonsky district, Voronezh region, Russia

Селекционно-генетический центр ООО «СоюзСемСвекла», пос. ВНИИССРоссияBreeding and Genetic Center “UnionSeedsBeet”, Ltd., VNIISSRussian Federation202101012022258812821Copyright © Колесникова Е.О., Донских Е.И., Бердников Р.В., 20222022Колесникова Е.О., Донских Е.И., Бердников Р.В.Kolesnikova E.O., Donskikh E.I., Berdnikov R.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3199

С момента открытия явления гаплоидии биотехнологии стали неотъемлемой частью в процессе успешного создания новых сортов и гибридов различных видов растений. Особенно активно данные технологии применяются в сельском хозяйстве, которое заинтересовано в увеличении объемов и повышении качества производимой продукции. Интеграция приемов получения гаплоидов вместе с другими имеющимися биотехнологическими инструментами, такими как маркерная селекция (MAS), индуцированный мутагенез и генно-инженерные технологии, может значительно ускорить селекцию сельскохозяйственных культур. В статье показаны основные этапы развития биотехнологий начиная с 1921 г. Теперь они успешно используются при создании удвоенных гаплоидов для ускорения селекционного процесса различных растений, и в частности сахарной свеклы – важнейшей сахароносной культуры в регионах с умеренным климатом. Существует несколько методов получения форм с одинарным набором хромосом. Для сахарной свеклы целесообразным оказалось применение гиногенеза, поскольку остальные приемы были малоэффективны при массовом получении гаплоидов. В публикации рассматриваются этапы получения H- и DH-линий Beta vulgaris L., а также основные этапы биотехнологического производства гомозиготного селекционного материала этой культуры. К ним относятся: отбор родительских форм – доноров эксплантов; стерилизация бутонов и введение неопыленных семяпочек in vitro; получение гаплоидов; удвоение их хромосомного набора; создание удвоенных гаплоидов; определение плоидности на разных этапах; перевод полученных растений в закрытый грунт и выращивание штеклингов. Описан ряд преимуществ, которые имеет технология создания удвоенных гаплоидов in vitro по сравнению с традиционными методами селекции. Показано, что применение данных подходов является актуальным при получении новых высокопродуктивных гибридов и сортов сельскохозяйственных растений, однако приемы производства гомозиготных форм у сахарной свеклы все еще требуют проведения дополнительных исследований, направленных на увеличение эффективности и воспроизводимости каждого этапа процесса.

Since the discovery of the phenomenon of haploidy, biotechnology has become an integral part in the successful creation of new varieties and hybrids of various plant species. In particular, these technologies are actively used in agriculture, which is concerned with increasing the volume and improving the quality of products. The integration of haploid production techniques together with other available biotechnological tools such as marker selection (MAS), induced mutagenesis and genetic engineering technologies can significantly accelerate crop breeding. This article shows the main stages in the development of biotechnology since 1921. Now they are successfully used to create doubled haploids to accelerate the selection process of various plants and, in particular, sugar beet, which is the most important sugar crop in regions with a temperate climate. There are several methods for obtaining forms with a single set of chromosomes. For sugar beets, the use of gynogenesis turned out to be expedient, since in this case the other methods turned out to be ineffective in the mass production of haploids. The article considers the stages of obtaining the H and DH lines of Beta vulgaris L., as well as the main stages of biotechnological production of homozygous breeding material of this culture. These stages include selecting parental forms – donor explants, sterilizing buds and introducing non-pollinated ovules in vitro, obtaining haploids, doubling their chromosome set, creating doubled haploids, determining ploidy at different stages, relocating the obtained plants to greenhouses and growing stecklings. A number of advantages that the technology of creating doubled haploids in vitro has in comparison with traditional methods of selection are described. It has been shown that the use of these approaches is relevant when obtaining new highly productive hybrids and varieties of agricultural plants; however, the methods for the production of homozygous forms in sugar beet still require additional research aimed at increasing the efficiency and reproducibility of each stage of the process.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.