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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJ21.095</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3200</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетическое разнообразие популяции центральноевропейского кабана (Sus scrofa scrofa) и пород домашних свиней (Sus scrofa domesticus) на основе микросателлитных локусов ДНК</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic diversity of the Central European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) population and domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) breeds based on a microsatellite DNA locus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7574-6910</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снегин</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Snegin</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белгород, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Belgorod, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">snegin@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4360-5371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макеева</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makeeva</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-5043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каледин</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaledin</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-8611</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Остапчук</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ostapchuk</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-8030</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алазнели</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alazneli</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5143-1634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смуров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smurov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>822</fpage><lpage>830</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Снегин Э.А., Макеева В.М., Каледин А.П., Остапчук А.М., Алазнели И.Д., Смуров А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Снегин Э.А., Макеева В.М., Каледин А.П., Остапчук А.М., Алазнели И.Д., Смуров А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Snegin E.A., Makeeva V.M., Kaledin A.P., Ostapchuk A.M., Alazneli I.D., Smurov A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3200">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3200</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе приведены результаты исследований генетической структуры популяции центральноевропейского кабана (Sus scrofa scrofa) и четырех пород домашних свиней (дюрок, йоркшир, крупная белая и ландрас), разводимых в Центрально-Черноземном регионе России. На основе 12 микросателлитных локусов установлено достоверное (р &lt; 0.05) снижение генетической изменчивости в разводимых породах. Ожидаемая гетерозиготность и индекс Шеннона были равными: у кабана – Ho = 0.763 ± 0.026, I = 1.717 ± 0.091; у пород дюрок – Ho = 0.569 ± 0.068, I = 1.191 ± 0.157; ландрас – Ho = 0.618 ± 0.062, I = 1.201 ± 0.147; крупная белая – Ho = 0.680 ± 0.029, I = 1.362 ± 0.074; йоркшир – Ho = 0.642 ± 0.065, I = 1.287 ± 0.156. Результаты проверки генотипического равновесия Харди–Вайнберга на основе G-теста максимального правдоподобия показали, что в популяции кабана большинство локусов находилось в состоянии генотипического равновесия Харди–Вайнберга. Напротив, в популяциях различных пород свиней часть локусов демонстрирует достоверное отклонение от отмеченного равновесия. Кроме того, в популяциях йоркшир, крупная белая и ландрас присутствовали локусы, для которых достоверно отвергалась гипотеза о нейтральности на основании результатов теста Эвенса–Ваттерсона (Ewens–Watterson test). Обнаруженные приватные аллели, характерные для кабана и различных пород, в дальнейшем могут быть использованы для их идентификации. Ординация центроидов разных стад в пространстве первых двух главных координат на основании матрицы попарных оценок генетических дистанций М. Nei показала, что наиболее удаленные популяции – породы дюрок и кабан, а самые генетически близкие – йоркшир и ландрас. Ближе всех к популяции кабана была порода крупная белая. Оценка эффективной численности, проведенная с использованием метода, основанного на неравновесии по сцеплению (linkage disequilibrium) и MC-метода (the molecular coancestry method), продемонстрировала, что во всех изученных группах, включая и популяцию кабана, эффективный размер оказался меньше 100 особей. Низкое значение эффективного размера популяции кабана (Ne = 21.8, Neb = 4.0), вероятно, является следствием падежа и отстрела животных из-за африканской чумы свиней (Pestis africana suum).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The results of studies of the genetic structure of the Central European wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) population and four breeds of domestic pigs (Duroc, Yorkshire, Large White and Landrace) bred in the Central Black Earth region of Russia are presented in this work. Based on 12 microsatellite loci, a significant ( p &lt;0.05) decrease in the level of genetic variability in bred breeds was shown. The expected heterozygosity and Shannon index were as follows: in the wild boar, Ho = 0.763 ± 0.026, I = 1.717 ± 0.091; in the Duroc breed, Ho = 0.569 ± 0.068, I = 1.191 ± 0.157; in the Landrace, Ho = 0.618 ± 0.062, I = 1.201 ± 0.147; in the Large White, Ho = 0.680 ± 0.029, I = 1.362 ± 0.074; and in the Yorkshire, Ho = 0.642 ± 0.065, I = 1.287 ± 0.156. The results of checking genotypic Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium based on the G-test of maximum likelihood demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of loci in the wild boar population were in the state of said equilibrium. By contrast, in pig breed populations, some loci demonstrated a significant deviation from the indicated equilibrium. In addition, the Yorkshire, Large White, and Landrace populations had loci, for which the hypothesis of neutrality was reliably rejected based on the results of the Ewens–Watterson test. The revealed private alleles, characteristic of the wild boar and breeds, can later be used to identify them. The ordination of the centroids of different herds in the space of the first two principal coordinates based on the matrix of pairwise estimates of Nei’s genetic distances showed that the most distant populations are the Duroc and Boar breeds, and the most genetically close are the Yorkshire and Landrace breeds. The closest to the wild boar population was the Large White breed. The assessment of the effective size, carried out using the method based on the linkage disequilibrium and the molecular coancestry method, showed that in all studied groups, including the wild boar population, the effective size was less than 100 individuals. The low effective size of the wild boar population (Ne = 21.8, Neb = 4.0) is probably caused by the death and shooting of animals due to Pestis africana suum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кабан</kwd><kwd>породы свиней</kwd><kwd>микросателлитные локусы</kwd><kwd>генетическая структура</kwd><kwd>эффективная численность популяции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wild boar</kwd><kwd>pig breeds</kwd><kwd>microsatellite loci</kwd><kwd>genetic structure</kwd><kwd>effective population size</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Altukhov Yu.P. Genetic Processes in Populations. Moscow: Akademkniga Publ., 2003. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Altukhov Yu.P. Genetic Processes in Populations. Moscow: Akademkniga Publ., 2003. 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