vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.096vavilov-3201Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХANIMAL GENETICSОценка генетического разнообразия и филогенетических отношений чернопестрого скота Новосибирской области с использованием микросателлитных маркеровAssessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in Black Pied cattle in the Novosibirsk Region using microsatellite markershttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6929-7648АйтназаровР. Б.AitnazarovR. B.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

МишаковаТ. М.MishakovaT. M.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5554ЮдинН. С.YudinN. S.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

yudin@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202101012022258831-­838Copyright © Айтназаров Р.Б., Мишакова Т.М., Юдин Н.С., 20222022Айтназаров Р.Б., Мишакова Т.М., Юдин Н.С.Aitnazarov R.B., Mishakova T.M., Yudin N.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3201

В настоящее время известно более 1000 аборигенных пород крупного рогатого скота, которые хорошо приспособлены к местным условиям среды благодаря длительной адаптации и селекции. Крайне актуально выявление генетических вариантов, контролирующих адаптацию местного скота, для переноса этих вариантов в геномы высокопродуктивных глобальных пород. Исследования отдельных популяций внутри одной породы с помощью микросателлитных маркеров позволяют оценить их генетическое разнообразие, родственные взаимоотношения и перспективы их использования для улучшения породы. Черно­пестрая порода – наиболее массовая порода крупного рогатого скота молочного направления на территории России. Однако имеются лишь единичные работы, посвященные изучению генетического разнообразия местных популяций этой породы в отдельных областях России. Целью работы являются: анализ генетического разнообразия популяций черно­пестрого скота Новосибирской области и их сравнение с другими российскими популяциями; идентификация популяций, существенно отличающихся от всех остальных, для их дальнейшего использования в программах по сохранению генетического разнообразия отечественной черно­пестрой породы. Образцы ДНК от 4788 животных черно­пестрой породы из шести племенных хозяйств Новосибирской области были исследованы по 11 микросателлитным маркерам. Значения всех показателей генетической изменчивости достоверно не различались между отдельными популяциями. Приватные аллели были обнаружены в пяти популяциях из шести. В пяти популяциях коэффициент инбридинга FIS был достоверно ниже нуля, что говорит об избытке гетерозигот. Результаты теста распределения по популяциям, анализа методом главных компонент, анализа показателей FST и DEST, а также кластерного и филогенетического анализов свидетельствуют о генетической обособленности двух популяций от всех остальных. Таким образом, параметры генетического разнообразия исследованных нами шести популяций черно­пестрого скота Новосибирской области существенно не отличаются от других российских популяций данной породы. В большинстве этих хозяйств наблюдается избыток гетерозигот, что говорит о низкой степени инбридинга. При разработке мероприятий, направленных на сохранение генетического разнообразия отечественного черно­пестрого скота, мы рекомендуем использовать животных из двух популяций, которые по генетическим характеристикам существенно отличаются от других.

There are currently over a thousand indigenous cattle breeds well adapted to local habitat conditions thanks to their long history of evolution and breeding. Identification of the genetic variations controlling the adaptation of local cattle breeds for their further introduction into the genome of highly productive global breeds is a matter of great relevance. Studying individual populations of the same breed with the use of microsatellite markers makes it possible to assess their genetic diversity, relationships, and breed improvement potential. Although the Black Pied breed is the most common dairy cattle breed in Russia, there are only a few studies on genetic diversity in local Black Pied populations in some Russian regions. The goal of the present study was to analyze the genetic diversity in Black Pied cattle populations in the Novosibirsk Region and compare them with other Russian populations; to identify significantly divergent populations with a view to preserving them under the programs aimed at maintaining the genetic diversity of the domestic Black Pied breed. DNA samples from 4788 animals of the Black Pied breed from six breeding enterprises in the Novosibirsk Region have been studied using 11 microsatellite markers. No significant differences in genetic variability parameters were found between individual populations. Private alleles have been identified in five out of six populations. Five populations have shown inbreeding coefficient values (FIS) below zero, which indicates heterozygosity excess. The population distribution test, principal component analysis, FST and DEST values, cluster analysis, and phylogenetic analysis have revealed two populations genetically distinct from the others. Essentially, the genetic diversity parameters of the six studied Black Pied cattle populations from the Novosibirsk Region show no significant differences from other Russian populations of the breed. Excess heterozygosity is observed in most breeding enterprises, which is a sign of a low inbreeding rate. To maintain the genetic diversity of the Russian Black Pied cattle, we recommend focusing on the two populations with significant genetic distinctions from the others.

крупный рогатый скотчерно­пестрая породаНовосибирская областьмикросателлитгенетическое разнообразиесохранение биоразнообразияcattleBlack Pied breedNovosibirsk Regionmicrosatellitegenetic diversitydiversity preservationReferencesAgung P.P., Saputra F., Septian W.A., Lusiana Zein M.S., Sulandari S., Anwar S., Wulandari A.S., Said S., Tappa B. Study of genetic diversity among Simmental cross cattle in West Sumatra based on microsatellite markers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2016;29(2):176-183. DOI 10.5713/ajas.15.0155.Agung P.P., Saputra F., Septian W.A., Lusiana Zein M.S., Sulandari S., Anwar S., Wulandari A.S., Said S., Tappa B. Study of genetic diversity among Simmental cross cattle in West Sumatra based on microsatellite markers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2016;29(2):176-183. DOI 10.5713/ajas.15.0155.Arzhankova Yu.V., Mosachikhina I.A., Kharitonov A.V. Genetic features of Black Pied and cross-breeding cattle by microsatellite loci. Izvestiya Velikolukskoy Gosudarstvennoy Sel’skokhozyaystvennoy Akademii = Bulletin of the Velikie Luki State Agricultural Academy. 2015;1:7-11. (in Russian)Arzhankova Yu.V., Mosachikhina I.A., Kharitonov A.V. Genetic features of Black Pied and cross-breeding cattle by microsatellite loci. Izvestiya Velikolukskoy Gosudarstvennoy Sel’skokhozyaystvennoy Akademii = Bulletin of the Velikie Luki State Agricultural Academy. 2015;1:7-11. (in Russian)Bevacqua R.J., Fernandez-Martín R., Savy V., Canel N.G., Gismondi M.I., Kues W.A., Carlson D.F., Fahrenkrug S.C., Niemann H., Taboga O.A., Ferraris S., Salamone D.F. Efficient edition of the bovine PRNP prion gene in somatic cells and IVF embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Theriogenology. 2016;86(8):1886-1896.e1. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.06.010.Bevacqua R.J., Fernandez-Martín R., Savy V., Canel N.G., Gismondi M.I., Kues W.A., Carlson D.F., Fahrenkrug S.C., Niemann H., Taboga O.A., Ferraris S., Salamone D.F. Efficient edition of the bovine PRNP prion gene in somatic cells and IVF embryos using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Theriogenology. 2016;86(8):1886-1896.e1. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.06.010.Breeds and Types of Farm Animals in the Russian Federation. Dictionary of Terms Concerning the Industry, Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Technology of Farm Animals. List of Russian and International Organizations in the Field of Animal Husbandry. Moscow: All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Breeding, 2013. (in Russian)Breeds and Types of Farm Animals in the Russian Federation. Dictionary of Terms Concerning the Industry, Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction Technology of Farm Animals. List of Russian and International Organizations in the Field of Animal Husbandry. Moscow: All-Russia Research Institute of Animal Breeding, 2013. (in Russian)Buchanan D.S., Lenstra J.A. Breeds of cattle. In: Garrick D.J., Ruvinsky A. (Eds.) The Genetics of Cattle. 2nd ed. CABI: Wallingford, UK, 2015;33-66. DOI 10.1079/9781780642215.0033.Buchanan D.S., Lenstra J.A. Breeds of cattle. In: Garrick D.J., Ruvinsky A. (Eds.) The Genetics of Cattle. 2nd ed. CABI: Wallingford, UK, 2015;33-66. DOI 10.1079/9781780642215.0033.Buggiotti L., Yurchenko A.A., Yudin N.S., Vander Jagt C.J., Vorobieva N.V., Kusliy M.A., Vasiliev S.K., Rodionov A.N., Boronetskaya O.I., Zinovieva N.A., Graphodatsky A.S., Daetwyler H.D., Larkin D.M. Demographic history, adaptation, and NRAP convergent evolution at amino acid residue 100 in the world northernmost cattle from Siberia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2021;38(8):3093-3110. DOI 10.1093/molbev/msab078.Buggiotti L., Yurchenko A.A., Yudin N.S., Vander Jagt C.J., Vorobieva N.V., Kusliy M.A., Vasiliev S.K., Rodionov A.N., Boronetskaya O.I., Zinovieva N.A., Graphodatsky A.S., Daetwyler H.D., Larkin D.M. Demographic history, adaptation, and NRAP convergent evolution at amino acid residue 100 in the world northernmost cattle from Siberia. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2021;38(8):3093-3110. DOI 10.1093/molbev/msab078.Cooper T.A., Eaglen S.A.E., Wiggans G.R., Jenko J., Huson H.J., Morrice D.R., Bichard M., Luff W.G.L., Woolliams J.A. Genomic evaluation, breed identification, and population structure of Guernsey cattle in North America, Great Britain, and the Isle of Guernsey. J. Dairy Sci. 2016;99(7):5508-5515. DOI 10.3168/jds.2015-10445.Cooper T.A., Eaglen S.A.E., Wiggans G.R., Jenko J., Huson H.J., Morrice D.R., Bichard M., Luff W.G.L., Woolliams J.A. Genomic evaluation, breed identification, and population structure of Guernsey cattle in North America, Great Britain, and the Isle of Guernsey. J. Dairy Sci. 2016;99(7):5508-5515. DOI 10.3168/jds.2015-10445.Galinskaya T.V., Schepetov D.M., Lysenkov S.N. Prejudices against microsatellite studies and how to resist them. Russ. J. Genet. 2019; 55(6):657-671. DOI 10.1134/S1022795419060048.Galinskaya T.V., Schepetov D.M., Lysenkov S.N. Prejudices against microsatellite studies and how to resist them. Russ. J. Genet. 2019; 55(6):657-671. DOI 10.1134/S1022795419060048.Glinskaya N.A. The STR analysis of genetic differentiation in Black- Pied cattle populations bred in Belarus. Vestnik Polesskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta = Bulletin of the Polessky State University. 2013;2:21-26. (in Russian).Glinskaya N.A. The STR analysis of genetic differentiation in Black- Pied cattle populations bred in Belarus. Vestnik Polesskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta = Bulletin of the Polessky State University. 2013;2:21-26. (in Russian).Goudet J. Fstat (ver. 2.9.4). a program to estimate and test population genetics parameters. 2003. Available from: http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html.Goudet J. Fstat (ver. 2.9.4). a program to estimate and test population genetics parameters. 2003. Available from: http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html.Guichoux E., Lagache L., Wagner S., Chaumeil P., Léger P., Lepais O., Lepoittevin C., Malausa T., Revardel E., Salin F., Petit R.J. Current trends in microsatellite genotyping. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2011;11(4):591-611. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03014.x.Guichoux E., Lagache L., Wagner S., Chaumeil P., Léger P., Lepais O., Lepoittevin C., Malausa T., Revardel E., Salin F., Petit R.J. Current trends in microsatellite genotyping. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2011;11(4):591-611. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2011.03014.x.Hale M.L., Burg T.M., Steeves T.E. Sampling for microsatellitebased population genetic studies: 25 to 30 individuals per population is enough to accurately estimate allele frequencies. PLoS One. 2012; 7(9):e45170. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045170.Hale M.L., Burg T.M., Steeves T.E. Sampling for microsatellitebased population genetic studies: 25 to 30 individuals per population is enough to accurately estimate allele frequencies. PLoS One. 2012; 7(9):e45170. DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0045170.Hubisz M.J., Falush D., Stephens M., Pritchard J.K. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2009;9(5):1322-1332. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x.Hubisz M.J., Falush D., Stephens M., Pritchard J.K. Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2009;9(5):1322-1332. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02591.x.Ikeda M., Matsuyama S., Akagi S., Ohkoshi K., Nakamura S., Minabe S., Kimura K., Hosoe M. Correction of a disease mutation using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genome editing in Japanese Black cattle. Sci. Rep. 2017;7(1):17827. DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-17968-w.Ikeda M., Matsuyama S., Akagi S., Ohkoshi K., Nakamura S., Minabe S., Kimura K., Hosoe M. Correction of a disease mutation using CRISPR/Cas9-assisted genome editing in Japanese Black cattle. Sci. Rep. 2017;7(1):17827. DOI 10.1038/s41598-017-17968-w.Jost L., Archer F., Flanagan S., Gaggiotti O., Hoban S., Latch E. Differentiation measures for conservation genetics. Evol. Appl. 2018; 11(7):1139-1148. DOI 10.1111/eva.12590.Jost L., Archer F., Flanagan S., Gaggiotti O., Hoban S., Latch E. Differentiation measures for conservation genetics. Evol. Appl. 2018; 11(7):1139-1148. DOI 10.1111/eva.12590.Kalinowski S.T. HP-Rare: a computer program for performing rarefaction on measures of allelic diversity. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 2005; 5(1):187-189. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00845.x.Kalinowski S.T. HP-Rare: a computer program for performing rarefaction on measures of allelic diversity. Mol. Ecol. Notes. 2005; 5(1):187-189. DOI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00845.x.Klimenok I.I., Yaranceva S.B., Shishkina M.A. Productive and breeding qualities of black and motley cattle Siberian region. Genetika i Razvedeniye Zhivotnykh = Genetics and Breeding of Animals. 2014;2:30-33. (in Russian)Klimenok I.I., Yaranceva S.B., Shishkina M.A. Productive and breeding qualities of black and motley cattle Siberian region. Genetika i Razvedeniye Zhivotnykh = Genetics and Breeding of Animals. 2014;2:30-33. (in Russian)Kuznetsov V.M. Wright’s F-statistics: evaluation and interpretation. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2014;4:80-104. (in Russian)Kuznetsov V.M. Wright’s F-statistics: evaluation and interpretation. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2014;4:80-104. (in Russian)Kuznetsov V.M. Nei’s methods for analyzing genetic differences between populations. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2020;1:91-110.Kuznetsov V.M. Nei’s methods for analyzing genetic differences between populations. Problemy Biologii Productivnykh Zhivotnykh = Problems of Productive Animal Biology. 2020;1:91-110.DOI 10.25687/1996-6733.prodanimbiol.2020.1.91-110. (in Russian) Kuznetsov V.M. Assessment of genetic differentiation of populations by analysis of molecular variance (analytical review). Agrarnaya Nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2021;22(2):167-187. DOI 10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.167-187. (in Russian)DOI 10.25687/1996-6733.prodanimbiol.2020.1.91-110. (in Russian) Kuznetsov V.M. Assessment of genetic differentiation of populations by analysis of molecular variance (analytical review). Agrarnaya Nauka Evro-Severo-Vostoka = Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2021;22(2):167-187. DOI 10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.2.167-187. (in Russian)Leberg P.L. Estimating allelic richness: effects of sample size and bottlenecks. Mol. Ecol. 2002;11(11):2445-2449. DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01612.x.Leberg P.L. Estimating allelic richness: effects of sample size and bottlenecks. Mol. Ecol. 2002;11(11):2445-2449. DOI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01612.x.Lukashov V.V. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Analysis. Moscow: Binom Publ., 2009. (in Russian)Lukashov V.V. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Analysis. Moscow: Binom Publ., 2009. (in Russian)Madan M.L. Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implications in developing countries. Rev. Sci. Tech. 2005;24(1): 127-139. DOI 10.20506/rst.24.1.1555.Madan M.L. Animal biotechnology: applications and economic implications in developing countries. Rev. Sci. Tech. 2005;24(1): 127-139. DOI 10.20506/rst.24.1.1555.Meirmans P.G., Hedrick P.W. Assessing population structure: FST and related measures. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2011;11(1):5-18. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02927.x.Meirmans P.G., Hedrick P.W. Assessing population structure: FST and related measures. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 2011;11(1):5-18. DOI 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02927.x.Modorov M.V., Tkachenko I.V., Grin A.A., Sevost’yanov M. Yu., Zezin N.N. Population genetic structure of Ural Black Pied cattle. Russ. J. Genet. 2021;57(4):453-459. DOI 10.1134/S1022795421040104.Modorov M.V., Tkachenko I.V., Grin A.A., Sevost’yanov M. Yu., Zezin N.N. Population genetic structure of Ural Black Pied cattle. Russ. J. Genet. 2021;57(4):453-459. DOI 10.1134/S1022795421040104.Mokhov B.P., Shabalina E.P. Influence of heredity and ecogenesis for adaptation and productivity of dairy cows. Izvestiya Ul’yanovskoy Gosudarstvennoy Sel’skokhozyaystvennoy Akademii = Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2011;2(14):90-96. (in Russian)Mokhov B.P., Shabalina E.P. Influence of heredity and ecogenesis for adaptation and productivity of dairy cows. Izvestiya Ul’yanovskoy Gosudarstvennoy Sel’skokhozyaystvennoy Akademii = Bulletin of the Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2011;2(14):90-96. (in Russian)Olschewsky A., Hinrichs D. An overview of the use of genotyping techniques for assessing genetic diversity in local farm animal breeds. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(7):2016. DOI 10.3390/ani11072016.Olschewsky A., Hinrichs D. An overview of the use of genotyping techniques for assessing genetic diversity in local farm animal breeds. Animals (Basel). 2021;11(7):2016. DOI 10.3390/ani11072016.Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(19):2537-2539. DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460.Peakall R., Smouse P.E. GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update. Bioinformatics. 2012;28(19):2537-2539. DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts460.Pritchard J.K., Stephens M., Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics. 2000;155(2):945-959.Pritchard J.K., Stephens M., Donnelly P. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics. 2000;155(2):945-959.Radko A., Zyga A., Zabek T., Słota E. Genetic variability among Polish Red, Hereford and Holstein-Friesian cattle raised in Poland based on analysis of microsatellite DNA sequences. J. Appl. Genet. 2005;46(1):89-91.Radko A., Zyga A., Zabek T., Słota E. Genetic variability among Polish Red, Hereford and Holstein-Friesian cattle raised in Poland based on analysis of microsatellite DNA sequences. J. Appl. Genet. 2005;46(1):89-91.Smaragdov M.G. Genome wide assessment of inter-herd genetic differences of cattle. Dostizheniya Nauki i Tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC. 2018;32(4):47-49. DOI 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10411. (in Russian)Smaragdov M.G. Genome wide assessment of inter-herd genetic differences of cattle. Dostizheniya Nauki i Tekhniki APK = Achievements of Science and Technology of AIC. 2018;32(4):47-49. DOI 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10411. (in Russian)Städele V., Vigilant L. Strategies for determining kinship in wild populations using genetic data. Ecol. Evol. 2016;6(17):6107-6120. DOI 10.1002/ece3.2346.Städele V., Vigilant L. Strategies for determining kinship in wild populations using genetic data. Ecol. Evol. 2016;6(17):6107-6120. DOI 10.1002/ece3.2346.Stolpovskiy Yu.A. Population genetics studies underlying preservation of domesticated animal species gene pools. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2013;17(4/2):900-915. (in Russian)Stolpovskiy Yu.A. Population genetics studies underlying preservation of domesticated animal species gene pools. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2013;17(4/2):900-915. (in Russian)Stolpovskiy Yu.A., Zakharov-Gezekhus I.A. The problem of conservation of gene pools of domesticated animals. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2017;21(4):477-486. DOI 10.18699/VJ17.266. (in Russian)Stolpovskiy Yu.A., Zakharov-Gezekhus I.A. The problem of conservation of gene pools of domesticated animals. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2017;21(4):477-486. DOI 10.18699/VJ17.266. (in Russian)Szucs M., Szabó F., Bán B., Józsa C., Rózsa L., Zsolnai A., Anton I. Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Limousin herds in Hungary using microsatellite markers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2019;32(2):176-182. DOI 10.5713/ajas.18.0164.Szucs M., Szabó F., Bán B., Józsa C., Rózsa L., Zsolnai A., Anton I. Assessment of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Limousin herds in Hungary using microsatellite markers. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 2019;32(2):176-182. DOI 10.5713/ajas.18.0164.Takezaki N., Nei M., Tamura K. POPTREEW: web version of POPTREE for constructing population trees from allele frequency data and computing some other quantities. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2014; 31(6):1622-1624. DOI 10.1093/molbev/msu093.Takezaki N., Nei M., Tamura K. POPTREEW: web version of POPTREE for constructing population trees from allele frequency data and computing some other quantities. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2014; 31(6):1622-1624. DOI 10.1093/molbev/msu093.van de Goor L.H., Koskinen M.T., van Haeringen W.A. Population studies of 16 bovine STR loci for forensic purposes. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2011;125(1):111-119. DOI 10.1007/s00414-009-0353-8.van de Goor L.H., Koskinen M.T., van Haeringen W.A. Population studies of 16 bovine STR loci for forensic purposes. Int. J. Legal. Med. 2011;125(1):111-119. DOI 10.1007/s00414-009-0353-8.Wright S. Evolution and the Genetics of Population. Vol. 4. Variability within and Among Natural Populations. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1978.Wright S. Evolution and the Genetics of Population. Vol. 4. Variability within and Among Natural Populations. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1978.Yarantseva S.B., Gerasimchuk L.D., Shishkina M.A. New breed of dairy cattle Sibiryachka. Sibirskii Vestnik Sel’skokhozyaistvennoy Nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2019;49(6):62-70. DOI 10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-7. (in Russian)Yarantseva S.B., Gerasimchuk L.D., Shishkina M.A. New breed of dairy cattle Sibiryachka. Sibirskii Vestnik Sel’skokhozyaistvennoy Nauki = Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science. 2019;49(6):62-70. DOI 10.26898/0370-8799-2019-6-7. (in Russian)Yudin N.S., Larkin D.M. Whole genome studies of origin, selection and adaptation of the Russian cattle breeds. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(5):559-568. DOI 10.18699/VJ19.525. (in Russian)Yudin N.S., Larkin D.M. Whole genome studies of origin, selection and adaptation of the Russian cattle breeds. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(5):559-568. DOI 10.18699/VJ19.525. (in Russian)Yurchenko A., Yudin N., Aitnazarov R., Plyusnina A., Brukhin V., Soloshenko V., Lhasaranov B., Popov R., Paronyan I.A., Plemyashov K.V., Larkin D.M. Genome-wide genotyping uncovers genetic profiles and history of the Russian cattle breeds. Heredity. 2018;120(2):125-137. DOI 10.1038/s41437-017-0024-3.Yurchenko A., Yudin N., Aitnazarov R., Plyusnina A., Brukhin V., Soloshenko V., Lhasaranov B., Popov R., Paronyan I.A., Plemyashov K.V., Larkin D.M. Genome-wide genotyping uncovers genetic profiles and history of the Russian cattle breeds. Heredity. 2018;120(2):125-137. DOI 10.1038/s41437-017-0024-3.Zinovieva N.A., Gladyr E.A., Bagirov V.A., Brem G. Dynamics of the biodiversity of Black and White cattle influenced by crossbreeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(2):222-225. (in Russian).Zinovieva N.A., Gladyr E.A., Bagirov V.A., Brem G. Dynamics of the biodiversity of Black and White cattle influenced by crossbreeding. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii = Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2015;19(2):222-225. (in Russian).Zsolnai A., Kovács A., Anton I., Rátky J., Brüssow K.P., Józsa C., Bán B., Gyurmán A. Comparison of different Hungarian Grey herds as based on microsatellite analysis. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 2014; 32(2):121-130.Zsolnai A., Kovács A., Anton I., Rátky J., Brüssow K.P., Józsa C., Bán B., Gyurmán A. Comparison of different Hungarian Grey herds as based on microsatellite analysis. Anim. Sci. Pap. Rep. 2014; 32(2):121-130.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.