vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.100vavilov-3205Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ В ПОСТГЕНОМНУЮ ЭРУMEDICAL GENETICSТаксономический состав и биоразнообразие кишечного микробиома пациентов с синдромом раздраженного кишечника, язвенным колитом и бронхиальной астмойTaxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5613-5447ТикуновА. Ю.TikunovA. Y.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-1575ШваловА. Н.ShvalovA. N.

р. п. Кольцово, Новосибирская область, Россия

Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia

МорозовВ. В.MorozovV. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-3774БабкинИ. В.BabkinI. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

СеледцоваГ. В.SeledtsovaG. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

ВолошинаИ. О.VoloshinaI. O.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

ИвановаИ. П.IvanovaI. P.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3872-4122БардашеваА. В.BardashevaA. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-3476МорозоваВ. В.MorozovaV. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-2992ВласовВ. В.VlasovV. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-8278ТикуноваН. В.TikunovaN. V.

Новосибирск, Россия

Novosibirsk, Russia

tikunova@niboch.nsc.ruИнститут химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Сhemical Biology аnd Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationГосударственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора Российской ФедерацииРоссияState Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, RospotrebnadzorRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт фундаментальной и клинической иммунологииРоссияInstitute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyRussian Federation202101012022258864873Copyright © Тикунов А.Ю., Швалов А.Н., Морозов В.В., Бабкин И.В., Селедцова Г.В., Волошина И.О., Иванова И.П., Бардашева А.В., Морозова В.В., Власов В.В., Тикунова Н.В., 20222022Тикунов А.Ю., Швалов А.Н., Морозов В.В., Бабкин И.В., Селедцова Г.В., Волошина И.О., Иванова И.П., Бардашева А.В., Морозова В.В., Власов В.В., Тикунова Н.В.Tikunov A.Y., Shvalov A.N., Morozov V.V., Babkin I.V., Seledtsova G.V., Voloshina I.O., Ivanova I.P., Bardasheva A.V., Morozova V.V., Vlasov V.V., Tikunova N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3205

К настоящему времени показана ассоциация дисбаланса кишечной микробиоты с различными заболеваниями человека, включая не только патологии желудочно-кишечного тракта, но и нарушения иммунной системы. Однако, несмотря на значительный объем накопленных данных, многие ключевые вопросы до сих пор остаются без ответа. Описаны различия в микробных сообществах кишечника в зависимости от возраста больных, типа питания и региона проживания. Учитывая ограниченность данных о составе микробиоты кишечника при язвенном колите (ЯК) и синдроме раздраженного кишечника (СРК) у пациентов из регионов Сибири, а также отсутствие сведений о кишечной микробиоте больных бронхиальной астмой (БА), цель исследования – оценка биоразнообразия кишечного микробиома пациентов с СРК, ЯК и БА в сравнении с таковым здоровых добровольцев (ЗД). Проведена сравнительная оценка биоразнообразия и таксономической структуры микробиома содержимого кишечника пациентов с СРК, ЯК, БА и ЗД, определенных на основании 16S рРНК-последовательностей бактериальных генов. В четырех выборках доминировали последовательности типов Firmicutes и Bacteroidetes. Третьи по встречаемости во всех группах – последовательности типа Proteobacteria, членами которого являются патогенные и условно-патогенные бактерии. Последовательности типа Actinobacteria были в среднем четвертыми по встречаемости. Результаты показали наличие дисбиоза в образцах пациентов по сравнению со здоровыми участниками. Соотношение Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes в выборках СРК и ЯК уменьшилось относительно ЗД, а в группе БА – увеличилось. В образцах пациентов с заболеваниями кишечника (СРК и ЯК) обнаружено увеличение доли последовательностей типа Bacteroidetes и уменьшение доли последовательностей класса Clostridia, а также семейства Ruminococcaceae, но не Erysipelotrichaceae. В выборках СРК, ЯК и БА отмечено достоверно больше в сравнении с ЗД последовательностей Proteobacteria, включая Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, а также последовательности Escherichia и Shigella. В кишечном микробиоме взрослых пациентов с БА выявлено уменьшение доли последовательностей Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella, однако доля последовательностей Faecalibacterium и Lactobacillus была такой же, как и у здоровых участников. Впервые получены данные о существенном увеличении доли последовательностей Halomonas и Vibrio в кишечном микробиоме пациентов с бронхиальной астмой.

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.