vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ21.101vavilov-3206Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИИВыявление разнообразия микромицетов рода Fusarium в агроэкосистемах равнинной части Северного Кавказа для пополнения Государственной коллекции фитопатогенных микроорганизмов ФГБНУ ВНИИФRevealing the diversity of Fusarium micromycetes in agroecosystems of the North Caucasus plains for replenishing the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a PhytopathologyЖемчужинаН. С.ZhemchuzhinaN. S.

Московская область, Россия

Moscow region, Russia

КиселеваМ. И.KiselevaM. I.

Московская область, Россия

Moscow region, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-2380КоломиецТ. М.KolomietsT. M.

Московская область, Россия

Moscow region, Russia

lomi1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-9988АбловаИ. Б.AblovaI. B.

Краснодар, Россия

Krasnodar, Russia

ГлинушкинА. П.GlinushkinA. P.

Московская область, Россия

Moscow region, Russia

ЕлизароваС. А.ElizarovaS. A.

Московская область, Россия

Moscow region, Russia

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт фитопатологии (ВНИИФ)РоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology (ARSRIP)Russian FederationНациональный центр зерна им. П.П. ЛукьяненкоРоссияNational Center of Grain named after P.P. LukyanenkoRussian Federation202101012022258874881Copyright © Жемчужина Н.С., Киселева М.И., Коломиец Т.М., Аблова И.Б., Глинушкин А.П., Елизарова С.А., 20222022Жемчужина Н.С., Киселева М.И., Коломиец Т.М., Аблова И.Б., Глинушкин А.П., Елизарова С.А.Zhemchuzhina N.S., Kiseleva M.I., Kolomiets T.M., Ablova I.B., Glinushkin A.P., Elizarova S.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3206

С целью предотвращения потерь урожая сельскохозяйственных культур от наиболее опасных и экономически значимых патогенных организмов нужно не только проводить контроль генофонда вирулентности, но и изучать характер изменчивости патогенов, определять потенциальную возможность появления новых генов и рас. Для этого необходимы централизованные коллекции живых культур, характеризующиеся набором стабильных штаммов для обеспечения фитопатологических, иммунологических, селекционных, генетических, токсикологических, паразитологических и других исследований. Государственная коллекция фитопатогенных микроорганизмов Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института фитопатологии – государственный депозитарий фитопатогенных микроорганизмов, непатогенных для человека и сельскохозяйственных животных. В настоящее время она насчитывает более 4500 единиц хранения патогенных для растений штаммов – грибов, оомицетов, бактерий, вирусов, фитоплазм – и ежегодно пополняется. С этой целью было проведено изучение межвидового и внутривидового генетического разнообразия фузариевых грибов в агроэкосистемах Краснодарского края. В 2020 г. Государственная коллекция фитопатогенных микроорганизмов была пополнена штаммами 13 видов грибов рода Fusarium, выделенными из тканей растений озимой пшеницы из нескольких районов Краснодарского края. В комплексе фузариевых грибов озимой пшеницы наиболее часто выявляли Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. lolii, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. sporotrichioides и др. Отмечено влияние предшественника озимой пшеницы на частоту выделяемых видов грибов рода Fusarium. После серии моноконидиальных клонирований изолятов в коллекцию был отобран 21 штамм грибов разных видов со стабильными морфолого-культуральными признаками и известными патогенными и фитотоксичными свойствами. Патогенная активность у грибов как между видами Fusarium, так и в пределах одного вида существенно различалась: от отсутствия признаков влияния споровых суспензий на развитие проростков до полного их угнетения. Фитотоксическая активность в отношении проростков пшеницы варьировала от средней до высокой. Наибольшую опасность для проростков пшеницы представляют виды, обладающие высокой интенсивностью проявления фитотоксической активности, так как они способствуют накоплению опасных фитотоксинов в тканях растений.

In order to prevent crop yield losses from the most dangerous and economically important pathogenic organisms, it is necessary not only to monitor the virulence gene pool, but also to study the nature of pathogen variability and determine the potential for the emergence of new genes and races. This requires centralized collections of fungal cultures characterized by a set of stable strains to provide for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic, toxicological, parasitological and other studies. The State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the ARSRIP is the State Depository of Phytopathogenic microorganisms that are non-pathogenic to humans or farmed animals. Currently, it has more than 4,500 accessions of plant pathogenic strains of fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas, and the collection is updated annually. For this purpose, the study of the inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of genus Fusarium was carried out in agricultural systems of the Krasnodar Territory. In 2020, the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms was supplemented with 13 strains of Fusarium fungi isolated from tissues of winter wheat plants collected in several locations of the Krasnodar region. The complex of Fusarium fungi revealed on winter wheat usually included Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. lolii, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. sporotrichioides, etc. The effect of the preceding crop on the frequency of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat was observed. After series cloning of collected isolates, 21 strains of different fungal species characterized by stable morphology traits and known pathogenic and phytotoxic properties were selected for collection replenishment. Significant differences in pathogenic activity were revealed between fungi belonging to either the same or different species; the manifestation of this activity varied from the absence of any effect of spore suspensions on seedling development to a complete inhibition of their growth. The phytotoxic activity towards wheat seedlings varied from medium to high. Species possessing a high intensity of phytotoxic activities are the most dangerous for wheat, since they promote accumulation of dangerous phytotoxins in plant tissues.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.