vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RASvavilov-3253Research ArticleГЕНОМИКА И ТРАНСКРИПТОМИКАPLANT GENETICS AND BREEDINGДинамические изменения содержания бетанина в столовой свекле в течение вегетационного периода: их взаимодействие с абиотическими факторамиDynamic changes in betanin content during the growing season of table beet: their interplay with abiotic factorshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-7454СоколоваД. В.SokolovaD. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

dianasokol@bk.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation2022010320222613039Copyright © Соколова Д.В., 20222022Соколова Д.В.Sokolova D.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3253

Для производства натурального пищевого красителя красного цвета используется широко распространенная корнеплодная культура – столовая свекла, характеризующаяся лечебными, антиоксидантными свойствами, скороспелостью, длительной сохранностью корнеплодов, высоким содержанием биологически активных веществ, витаминов и минеральных элементов. Актуальность исследования продиктована недостатком знаний о динамических изменениях в содержании бетанина в течение вегетации при создании сортов свеклы, ориентированных на получение красителя. В работе приведены результаты изучения 29 красноокрашенных образцов коллекции столовой свеклы Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова. Наблюдение за динамическими изменениями содержания пигмента в процессе вегетации выполнено на двух образцах свеклы: ‘Русская односемянная’ и ‘Бордо односемянная’. Приведены результаты тестирования четырех вариантов pH буферного раствора. Рекомендован буферный раствор с pH 6.5. В результате исследования определена амплитуда изменчивости содержания бетанина в кожице (39.9–239.2 мг/100 г) и мякоти (14.4–127.5 мг/100 г) корнеплодов столовой свеклы. Подтверждено, что содержание бетанина в кожице у всех образцов превышало его содержание в мякоти. Выявлена положительная взаимосвязь этих показателей (r = 0.74, p ≤ 0.05). Установлено, что в процессе вегетации значимой аккумуляции бетанина в корнеплодах не происходит. Показаны значительные колебания пигмента, сопряженные с абиотическими факторами среды. Определены корреляционные связи между температурой воздуха и бетанином в мякоти корнеплода (r = 0.32–0.31, p ≤ 0.05). Отрицательный эффект температуры среды на бетанин в кожице проявлялся на третьи сутки (r = –0.34…–0.35, p ≤ 0.05). Негативная реакция на осадки была менее выражена у сорта ‘Бордо односемянная’, благодаря более активному метаболизму и пластичности генотипа. Описаны морфологические особенности строения фотосинтетического аппарата опытных образцов, отмечены взаимосвязи с изучаемым признаком. Даны рекомендации по выбору схемы посадки и сроков уборки урожая столовой свеклы для выделения красителя.

The table beet, a widespread edible root crop known for its medicinal and antioxidant properties, early maturation, good shelf life, and high contents of bioactive compounds, vitamins and minerals, is used for the production of a natural red food dye. The relevance of this study is dictated by the lack of knowledge about the dynamic changes in the content of betanin during the growing season when developing table beet cultivars with a focus on pigment extraction. The article presents the results of a study of 29 red-colored table beet accessions from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Dynamic changes in the content of the pigment during the growing season were observed on two beet accessions, cvs. ‘Russkaya odnosemyannaya’ and ‘Bordo odnosemyannaya’. Four pH versions of the buffer solution were tested, and the test results are presented. A buffer solution with pH 6.5 is recommended for research purposes. The amplitude of variability in the content of betanin in the peel (39.9–239.2 mg/100 g) and flesh (14.4–127.5 mg/100 g) of beets was determined. It was confirmed that the content of betanin in the peel exceeded that in the flesh in all samples. A positive relationship between these indicators was revealed (r = 0.74, p ≤ 0.05). It was found that betanin accumulation did not occur in beet roots during the growing season. The pigment showed considerable fluctuations associated with abiotic environmental factors. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between air temperature and betanin content in the root flesh (r = 0.32–0.31, p ≤ 0.05). A negative impact of environmental temperature on betanin content in the peel manifested itself on the third day (r = –0.34…–0.35, p ≤ 0.05). The negative response to precipitation was less expressed in cv. ‘Bordo odnosemyannaya’ due to the genotype’s more active metabolism and plasticity. Structural morphological features of the photosynthetic apparatus were described for the tested accessions, and their interrelations with the studied character were specified. Recommendations are given concerning the choice of a planting pattern and the timing of table beet harvesting for pigment extraction.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.