vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-06vavilov-3254Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКАHUMAN GENETICSВзаимосвязь ламинов с эпигенетическими факторами при старенииThe relationship of lamins with epigenetic factors during aginghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382XМустафинР. Н.MustafinR. N.

Уфа

Ufa

ruji79@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-3334ХуснутдиноваЭ. К.KhusnutdinovaE. K.

Уфа

Ufa

Башкирский государственный медицинский университетРоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationИнститут биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022010320222614049Copyright © Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К., 20222022Мустафин Р.Н., Хуснутдинова Э.К.Mustafin R.N., Khusnutdinova E.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3254

Дисбаланс активации транспозонов – один из важнейших факторов нестабильности генома при старении. Причинами этого явления могут быть ассоциированные с возрастом изменения экспрессии ламинов, которые влияют на эпигенетическую регуляцию мобильных генетических элементов. Взаимосвязь ламинов и транспозонов может быть обусловлена специфическим физическим контактом между молекулами, а также опосредована эпигенетическими регуляторами, такими как SIRT7, BAF и микроРНК. Характерна взаиморегуляция ламинов с мобильными элементами, которые являются источниками микроРНК, влияющими на ламины. Ламины входят в состав NURD (nucleosome remoldeling deacetylase complex), взаимодействуют с гистоновыми деацетилазами и регулируют экспрессию генов без изменения структуры нуклеотидных последовательностей. Роль ядерной ламины в этиопатогенезе синдромов преждевременного старения может быть обусловлена взаимодействием с транспозонами, так как истощение ламинов приводит к активации мобильных генетических элементов. В различных клетках человека LINE1 представлены в связанных с ламинами гетерохроматиновых доменах генома, при этом SIRT7 способствует взаимодействию данного ретроэлемента с ядерной ламиной. В противовирусном ответе организмов важную роль играют как ретроэлементы, так и ядерная ламина. Это согласуется с ролью ламинов в защите как от вирусов, так и от транспозонов, которые характеризуются филогенетическим родством. Мобильные генетические элементы и ламины – вторичные мессенджеры средовых стрессорных воздействий, которые могут служить пусковыми факторами для старения и канцерогенеза. Транспозоны играют роль в развитии злокачественных новообразований, при этом происходящие от них микроРНК, участвующие в этиопатогенезе опухолей, имеют значение в старении человека. Сходные свойства типичны для ламинов, поскольку при злокачественных новообразованиях выявлена дисрегуляция ламинов, а влияющие на них микроРНК участвуют в канцерогенезе. Изменение экспрессии специфических микроРНК отмечено также при ламинопатиях. Определение точных эпигенетических механизмов взаимодействия ламинов с мобильными генетическими элементами при старении может стать основой для разработки методов продления жизни и таргетной терапии ассоциированных с возрастом злокачественных новообразований.

The key factor of genome instability during aging is transposon dysregulation. This may be due to senile changes in the expression of lamins, which epigenetically modulate transposons. Lamins directly physically interact with transposons. Epigenetic regulators such as SIRT7, BAF, and microRNA can also serve as intermediaries for their interactions. There is also an inverse regulation, since transposons are sources of miRNAs that affect lamins. We suggest that lamins can be attributed to epigenetic factors, since they are part of the NURD, interact with histone deacetylases and regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. The role of lamins in the etiopathogenesis of premature aging syndromes may be associated with interactions with transposons. In various human cells, LINE1 is present in the heterochromatin domains of the genome associated with lamins, while SIRT7 facilitates the interaction of this retroelement with lamins. Both retroelements and the nuclear lamina play an important role in the antiviral response of organisms. This may be due to the role of lamins in protection from both viruses and transposons, since viruses and transposons are evolutionarily related. Transposable elements and lamins are secondary messengers of environmental stressors that can serve as triggers for aging and carcinogenesis. Transposons play a role in the development of cancer, while the microRNAs derived from them, participating in the etiopathogenesis of tumors, are important in human aging. Lamins have similar properties, since lamins are dysregulated in cancer, and microRNAs affecting them are involved in carcinogenesis. Changes in the expression of specific microRNAs were also revealed in laminopathies. Identification of the epigenetic mechanisms of interaction of lamins with transposons during aging can become the basis for the development of methods of life extension and targeted therapy of age-associated cancer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.