vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-13vavilov-3260Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИMAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIESБиоинформатический поиск соответствия дифференциально экспрессируемых генов домашних и диких животных с ортологичными генами, изменяющими репродуктивный потенциал человекаA bioinformatic search for correspondence between differentially expressed genes of domestic versus wild animals and orthologous human genes altering reproductive potentialhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1663-318XПономаренкоМ. П.PonomarenkoM. P.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-5441ЧадаеваИ. В.ChadaevaI. V.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-9612ПономаренкоП. М.PonomarenkoP. M.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-6089БогомоловА. Г.BogomolovA. G.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-5155ОщепковД. Ю.OshchepkovD. Yu.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-920XШарыповаЕ. Б.SharypovaE. B.

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1940-9389СусловВ. В.SuslovV. V.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4210-7354ОсадчукА. В.OsadchukA. V.

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Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-9204ОсадчукЛ. В.OsadchukL. V.

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Novosibirsk

МатушкинЮ. Г.MatushkinYu. G.

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Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20220103202226196108Copyright © Пономаренко М.П., Чадаева И.В., Пономаренко П.М., Богомолов А.Г., Ощепков Д.Ю., Шарыпова Е.Б., Суслов В.В., Осадчук А.В., Осадчук Л.В., Матушкин Ю.Г., 20222022Пономаренко М.П., Чадаева И.В., Пономаренко П.М., Богомолов А.Г., Ощепков Д.Ю., Шарыпова Е.Б., Суслов В.В., Осадчук А.В., Осадчук Л.В., Матушкин Ю.Г.Ponomarenko M.P., Chadaeva I.V., Ponomarenko P.M., Bogomolov A.G., Oshchepkov D.Y., Sharypova E.B., Suslov V.V., Osadchuk A.V., Osadchuk L.V., Matushkin Y.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3260

Одним из крупнейших достижений генетики ХХ в. стало открытие Д.К. Беляевым дестабилизирующего отбора при одомашнивании животных, который затрагивает регуляцию экспрессии генов, но не их структуру, и влияет на системы нейроэндокринного контроля онтогенеза при стрессовом воздействии окружающей среды. Среди экспериментов, результаты которых были обобщены этим открытием, были также наблюдения ускоренного угасания гормональной функции семенников и нарушения сезонности размножения одомашненных лисиц по сравнению с дикими сородичами. На сегодняшний день открытие Д.К. Беляева уже многократно подтверждено независимыми наблюдениями при одомашнивании, например, оленя, использовании крыс как лабораторных животных, восстановлении таких исчезающих видов, как лошадь Пржевальского, а также при создании резервной популяции дикуши, оказавшейся на грани исчезновения в естественных местах обитания. В результате сравнения геномов человека, ряда домашних животных и некоторых их диких сородичей был введен термин «синдром самодоместикации», в симптомы которого включены расстройства аутистического спектра. Ранее мы создали биоинформатическую модель синдрома самодоместикации человека с использованием дифференциально экспрессируемых генов (ДЭГ) домашних животных по сравнению с дикими сородичами, ортологичных генам преимущественно нервной системы человека, чьи изменения экспрессии могут влиять на репродуктивный потенциал, т.е. рост численности людей при отсутствии ограничений со стороны лимитирующих факторов. В настоящей работе мы применили эту модель к 68 генам человека, изменения экспрессии которых влияют на репродуктивное здоровье женщин и мужчин, и к 3080 ДЭГ животных. Обнаружено 16 и 4 ДЭГ домашних животных, изменения экспрессии которых являются сонаправленными изменениям экспрессии генов-ортологов человека, соответственно понижающим и повышающим его репродуктивный потенциал, тогда как у диких животных было 9 и 11 таких ДЭГ. Это различие было достоверно по критерию χ2 Пирсона (p < 0.05) и точному критерию Фишера (p < 0.05). Полученный результат обсуждается в связи с восстановлением видов животных, исчезающих под антропогенной нагрузкой.

One of the greatest achievements of genetics in the 20th century is D.K. Belyaev’s discovery of destabilizing selection during the domestication of animals and that this selection affects only gene expression regulation (not gene structure) and influences systems of neuroendocrine control of ontogenesis in a stressful environment. Among the experimental data generalized by Belyaev’s discovery, there are also findings about accelerated extinction of testes’ hormonal function and disrupted seasonality of reproduction of domesticated foxes in comparison with their wild congeners. To date, Belyaev’s discovery has already been repeatedly confirmed, for example, by independent observations during deer domestication, during the use of rats as laboratory animals, after the reintroduction of endangered species such as Przewalski’s horse, and during the creation of a Siberian reserve population of the Siberian grouse when it had reached an endangered status in natural habitats. A genome-wide comparison among humans, several domestic animals, and some of their wild congeners has given rise to the concept of self-domestication syndrome, which includes autism spectrum disorders. In our previous study, we created a bioinformatic model of human self-domestication syndrome using differentially expressed genes (DEGs; of domestic animals versus their wild congeners) orthologous to the human genes (mainly, nervous-system genes) whose changes in expression affect reproductive potential, i.e., growth of the number of humans in the absence of restrictions caused by limiting factors. Here, we applied this model to 68 human genes whose changes in expression alter the reproductive health of women and men and to 3080 DEGs of domestic versus wild animals. As a result, in domestic animals, we identified 16 and 4 DEGs, the expression changes of which are codirected with changes in the expression of the human orthologous genes decreasing and increasing human reproductive potential, respectively. The wild animals had 9 and 11 such DEGs, respectively. This difference between domestic and wild animals was significant according to Pearson’s χ2 test (p < 0.05) and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). We discuss the results from the standpoint of restoration of endangered animal species whose natural habitats are subject to an anthropogenic impact.

человекрепродуктивный потенциалмодель болезни человека с использованием животныхдоместикацияRNA-Seqближайший общий предокhumanreproductive potentialanimal model of human diseasedomesticationRNA-Seqmost recent common ancestorThe authors are thankful to Shevchuk Editing (Brooklyn, NY, United States; URL: http://www.shevchuk-editing.com) for translation from Russian into English. The idea (LVO, AVO, MPP, IVC) was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 19-15-00075. The data analysis (DYuO, PMP, EBS, and AGB) was carried out with the help of the computing resources of the Multi-Access Center “Bioinformatics” with the support of publicly funded project No. FWNR-2022-0020. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.