vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-16vavilov-3288Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙСистема молекулярных маркеров для идентификации аллелей генов короткостебельности Rht-B1 и Rht-D1 у мягкой пшеницыA system of molecular markers to identify alleles of the Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 genes controlling reduced height in bread wheathttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-8803ПоротниковИ. В.PorotnikovI. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

i.v.porotnikov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-2964МитрофановаО. П.MitrofanovaO. P.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069АнтоноваО. Ю.AntonovaO. Yu.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation202204042022262128138Copyright © Поротников И.В., Митрофанова О.П., Антонова О.Ю., 20222022Поротников И.В., Митрофанова О.П., Антонова О.Ю.Porotnikov I.V., Mitrofanova O.P., Antonova O.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3288

Мутантные аллели генов Rht-B1 и Rht-D1 (Reduced height) широко используют для создания короткостебельных сортов мягкой пшеницы интенсивного типа. Эти гены и фланкирующие их области секвенированы, в последовательностях описаны ассоциированные с изменением высоты растения однонуклеотидные замены, приводящие к образованию нонсенс-кодонов (аллели Rht-B1b, Rht-B1e, Rht-B1p и Rht-D1b), и различные инсерции (аллели Rht-B1c, Rht-B1h и Rht-B1i-1). Для идентификации такого типа однонуклеотидных мутаций разработаны ДНК-маркеры, основанные на принципе аллель-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР). Однако идентификация аллелей этим методом предъявляет повышенные требования к соблюдению условий реакции, а получаемые результаты не всегда однозначны. Альтернативой может быть CAPS-технология, детектирующая различия в последовательностях путем рестрикции ПЦР-продуктов. В случае отсутствия рестриктаз, способных расщеплять ДНК в месте локализации точковой мутации, рестрикционные сайты могут быть искус- ственно внесены в последовательность праймера (derived CAPS). Цель настоящей работы – разработать CAPS-и dCAPS-маркеры для выявления замен оснований, подобрать по литературным источникам STS-маркеры для детекции инсерций и тем самым предложить систему молекулярных маркеров для идентификации аллелей генов короткостебельности, часто используемых и перспективных для селекции. Разработано три CAPS-маркера для выявления аллелей Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1p и два dCAPS-маркера для Rht-B1b и Rht-B1e, предложены программы для их амплификации. По литературным источникам подобраны STS-маркеры аллелей Rht-B1c, Rht-B1h, Rht-B1i-1, содержащих инсерции. Предложенная система маркеров апробирована при генотипировании 11 образцов мягкой пшеницы из коллекции ВИР, несущих вышеуказанные мутантные аллели генов короткостебельности и аллели дикого типа Rht-B1a и Rht-D1a. Наличие нонсенс-мутаций подтверждено также при помощи аллель-специфичной ПЦР. Эта система маркеров наряду с уже существующими может быть использована для идентификации аллелей генов короткостебельности Rht-B1 и Rht-D1 у мягкой пшеницы с целью генетического скрининга образцов ex situ коллекций и/или в маркер-ориентированной селекции.

Mutant alleles of the Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 (Reduced height) genes are widely used in bread wheat breeding for the development of intensive-type cultivars. These genes and their f lanking regions have been sequenced and the point mutations leading to the nonsense codons (Rht-B1b, Rht-B1e, Rht-B1p and Rht-D1b alleles) and various insertions (Rht-B1c, Rht-B1h and Rht-B1i-1) associated with a change in plant height have been described. DNA-markers based on the allele-specif ic PCR have been developed to identify single-nucleotide changes. However, the use of such technique imposes stringent PCR conditions, and the resulting data are not always unambiguous. An alternative can be found in the CAPS technology: it detects differences in sequences by digesting PCR products. In the absence of restrictases capable of digesting DNA at the point mutation site, restriction sites can be introduced into the primer sequence (derived CAPS). The aim of this study was to propose a system of CAPS-, dCAPS- and STS-markers for identifying alleles of the reduced height genes frequently used in breeding programs. Three CAPS have been developed to identify the Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b, Rht-B1p alleles, as well as two dCAPS for Rht-B1b, Rht-B1e. STS-markers for the insertioncontaining alleles Rht-B1c, Rht-B1h and Rht-B1i-1 have been selected from publications. The proposed markers were tested during the genotyping of 11 bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection with the abovementioned mutant alleles and the wild-type Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a. The presence of nonsense mutations was also conf irmed by the results of allele-specif ic PCR. This marker system, along with the existing ones, can be used to identify dwarf ing alleles of the Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 genes in bread wheat for genetic screening of accessions from ex situ collections and/or for marker-assisted selection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.