vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-17vavilov-3289Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙАндрогенетическая реакция амфидиплоидов Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum и их родительских формAndrogenic response of Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum amphidiploids and their parental formshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-9077СтояновХ.StoyanovH.

г. Генерал Тошево

General Toshevo

hpstoyanov@abv.bgБелчевИ.BelchevI.

г. Генерал Тошево

General Toshevo

Добруджанский сельскохозяйственный институтБолгарияDobrudzha Agricultural InstituteBulgaria202204042022262139145Copyright © Стоянов Х., Белчев И., 20222022Стоянов Х., Белчев И.Stoyanov H., Belchev I.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3289

Отдаленная гибридизация злаков является одним из самых эффективных способов обогащения генетического разнообразия и решения множества селекционных задач в отношении устойчивости и толерантности к биотическому и абиотическому стрессу. Поэтому создано большое количество амфидиплоидов между отдельными видами, которые наделены разными морфологическими, генетическими и физиологическими характеристиками. Дикий вид Dasypyrum villosum – один из самых ценных видов с точки зрения возможности интродуцирования ценных качеств и свойств в разные сорта пшеницы. Для изучения реакции амфидиплоидов Triticum durum-D. villosum исследованы два образца, их родительские формы – сорта твердой пшеницы Гергана и Аргонавт, а также местная популяция вида D. villosum. Установлены следующие параметры: индукция каллусов, частота всех проростков к 100 эмбриоподобным структурам, частота альбиносных проростков и частота зеленых проростков. По полученным результатам выявлено, что индукция каллусов двух амфидиплоидов статистически достоверно отличается от родительских форм (2.1–7.2 %), будучи значительно выше, 30.7 и 16.5 % соответственно. Несмотря на разницу в индукции каллусов, амфидиплоиды практически не отличаются от родительских форм своей регенерирующей способностью. Частота альбиносных проростков значительно превышает частоту зеленых проростков, следуя тенденции, наблюдаемой в индукции каллусов. Зеленые проростки зарегистрированы только у амфидиплоида Гергана-D. villosum и у родительской формы твердой пшеницы Гергана. Растения вида D. villosum были регенерированы, и то, что были только альбиносные проростки, показывает хорошую отзывчивость вида на культивирование пыльников. Установленные характеристики испытанных амфидиплоидов и их родительских форм делают практическое использование этих амфидиплоидов особенно ценным для селекции различных видов злаков.

Wide hybridization in cereal crops is one of the most efficient tools for the enrichment of genetic variability and addressing a number of breeding problems related to resistance and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, a large number of amphidiploids between species possessing different morphological, genetic and physiological properties have been developed. One of the most valuable species with regard to the possibilities for introducing valuable traits and properties into wheat species is the wild Dasypyrum villosum. With the aim to study the androgenic response of the Triticum durum-D. villosum amphidiploids, two accessions and their parental forms – the durum wheat cultivars Gergana and Argonavt and a landrace of the D. villosum – were studied. The following parameters were determined: callus induction, plant regeneration, yield of albino and green regenerants. It was found that the callus induction of the two studied amphidiploids differed significantly from that of the parental forms (2.1–7.2 %), being significantly higher, 30.7 and 16.5 %, respectively. Regardless of the difference in callus induction, the amphidiploids did not significantly differ from the parental forms in their regeneration ability. The yield of albino plants exceeded the yield of green regenerants and followed the tendency observed in callus induction. Green plants were found only in the amphidiploid Gergana-D. villosum and in the parental form durum wheat Gergana. Plants were regenerated from the species D. villosum, although they were only albinos, showing its good responsiveness to anther culture. The established characteristics of the amphidiploids and their parental forms make their practical use highly valuable for the improvement of different types of cereal crops.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.