<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSIOLOGICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние продукта гена Hsp67Bc на продолжительность жизни, плодовитость и устойчивость Drosophila melanogaster к кратковременному тепловому стрессу</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The impact of the Hsp67Bc gene product on Drosophila melanogaster longevity, fecundity, and acute heat stress tolerance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7308-8846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малькеева</surname><given-names>Д. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkeyeva</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malkeyeva@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-4654</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдорова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6949-182X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Малькеева Д.A., Фёдорова С.А., Киселева Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Малькеева Д.A., Фёдорова С.А., Киселева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Malkeyeva D., Fedorova S.A., Kiseleva E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3293">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3293</self-uri><abstract><p>Hsp67Bc Drosophila melanogaster – индуцируемый в ответ на тепловой и холодовой стресс малый белок теплового шока, участвующий в предотвращении агрегации поврежденных белков и в регуляции макроаутофагии. Было показано, что повышенная экспрессия гена Hsp67Bc стимулирует макроаутофагию в клетках S2 дрозофилы, а его делеция приводит к небольшому увеличению количества аутофагических вакуолей в нейронах мозга мух. Недавно нами обнаружено, что нуль-аллельные по гену Hsp67Bc особи D. melanogaster имеют сниженную устойчивость к холодовому стрессу (0 °C) различной длительности. В настоящей работе мы исследовали, как наличие делеции в гене Hsp67Bc повлияет на жизнеспособность D. melanogaster в нормальных условиях и на их устойчивость к повышенной температуре на разных стадиях развития. Делеция Hsp67Bc не оказала на личинок и куколок дрозофил неблагоприятного воздействия; нуль-аллельные по гену Hsp67Bc имаго имели увеличенную по сравнению с контролем продолжительность жизни при нормальной (24–25 °C) и повышенной (29 °C) температуре, а также после кратковременного теплового стресса (37 °C, 2 ч). В то же время плодовитость мутантных самок была снижена на 6–13 % по сравнению с контролем при всех исследованных температурных режимах, за исключением постоянного содержания при 29 °C, при котором среднее число откладываемых яиц не различалось между контрольной и мутантной линиями. Мы связываем этот феномен со сниженным количеством овариол у нуль-аллельных по гену Hsp67Bc самок, а также с усиленной макроаутофагией в их гермариях, приводящей к росту числа гибнущих формирующихся яйцевых камер. Кроме того, кратковременный тепловой стресс (37 °C, 2 ч), приводивший к увеличению продолжительности жизни D. melanogaster контрольной линии (что является распространенной реакцией у живых организмов), отрицательно влиял на продолжительность жизни мух с делецией Hsp67Bc. Таким образом, D. melanogaster с делецией в гене Hsp67Bc имеют увеличенную продолжительность жизни в нормальных условиях и при повышенной температуре и сниженные плодовитость и устойчивость к температурному стрессу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drosophila melanogaster Hsp67Bc is a heat- and cold-inducible small heat shock protein that participates in the prevention of aggregation of misfolded proteins and in macroautophagy regulation. Overexpression of the Hsp67Bc gene has been shown to enhance macroautophagy in Drosophila S2 cells, and the deletion of this gene leads to the formation of a slightly increased number of autophagic vacuoles in the fruit f ly brain neurons. Recently, we found that Hsp67Bc-null D. melanogaster f lies have poor tolerance to cold stress (0 °C) of various durations. In the present work, we investigated how the Hsp67Bc gene deletion affects the f itness of fruit f lies under normal conditions and their tolerance to elevated temperatures at different developmental stages. Larvae and pupae were not adversely affected by the Hsp67Bc gene deletion, and adult Hsp67Bc-null f lies showed an extended lifespan in comparison with the control at normal (24–25 °C) and elevated temperature (29 °C), and after acute heat stress (37 °C, 2 h). At the same time, the fecundity of the mutant females was lower by 6–13 % in all tested environments, except for permanent maintenance at 29 °C, where the mean numbers of eggs laid by the mutant and control f lies were equal. We explain this phenomenon by a reduced number of ovarioles in Hsp67Bc-null females and enhanced macroautophagy in their germaria, which promotes the death of forming egg chambers. In addition, short heat stress (37 °C, 2 h), which increased the control line’s longevity (an effect common for a wide range of organisms), had a negative impact on the lifespan of Hsp67Bc-null f lies. Therefore, Hsp67Bc-null D. melanogaster have an extended lifespan under normal and elevated temperature conditions, and reduced fecundity and thermal stress tolerance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>продолжительность жизни Drosophila</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к температурному стрессу</kwd><kwd>повышенная температура</kwd><kwd>тепловой стресс</kwd><kwd>малые белки теплового шока</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Drosophila longevity</kwd><kwd>thermal stress tolerance</kwd><kwd>elevated temperature</kwd><kwd>heat stress</kwd><kwd>small heat shock proteins</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>LTR analyses were performed at the Multiple-access Center for Microscopy of Biological Objects (Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS). This work was supported by budget project No. 0259-2021-0011.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amano A., Nakagawa I., Yoshimori T. Autophagy in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria. J. Biochem. 2006;140(2):161-166. DOI 10.1093/jb/mvj162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amano A., Nakagawa I., Yoshimori T. Autophagy in innate immunity against intracellular bacteria. J. Biochem. 2006;140(2):161-166. DOI 10.1093/jb/mvj162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bainbridge S.P., Bownes M. Staging the metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1981;66:57-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bainbridge S.P., Bownes M. Staging the metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 1981;66:57-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barth J.M.I., Szabad J., Hafen E., Köhler K. Autophagy in Drosophila ovaries is induced by starvation and is required for oogenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2011;18:915-924. DOI 10.1038/cdd.2010.157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barth J.M.I., Szabad J., Hafen E., Köhler K. Autophagy in Drosophila ovaries is induced by starvation and is required for oogenesis. Cell Death Differ. 2011;18:915-924. DOI 10.1038/cdd.2010.157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bjedov I., Cochemé H.M., Foley A., Wieser D., Woodling N.S., Castillo-Quan J.I., Norvaisas P., Lujan C., Regan J.C., Toivonen J.M.,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bjedov I., Cochemé H.M., Foley A., Wieser D., Woodling N.S., Castillo-Quan J.I., Norvaisas P., Lujan C., Regan J.C., Toivonen J.M.,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murphy M.P., Thornton J., Kinghorn K.J., Neufeld T.P., Cabreiro F., Partridge L. Fine-tuning autophagy maximises lifespan and is associated with changes in mitochondrial gene expression in Drosophila. PLoS Genet. 2020;16:e1009083. DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murphy M.P., Thornton J., Kinghorn K.J., Neufeld T.P., Cabreiro F., Partridge L. Fine-tuning autophagy maximises lifespan and is associated with changes in mitochondrial gene expression in Drosophila. PLoS Genet. 2020;16:e1009083. DOI 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolobolova E.U., Dorogova N.V., Fedorova S.A. Major scenarios of genetically regulated cell death during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Russ. J. Genet. 2020;56:655-665. DOI 10.1134/S1022795420060034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolobolova E.U., Dorogova N.V., Fedorova S.A. Major scenarios of genetically regulated cell death during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Russ. J. Genet. 2020;56:655-665. DOI 10.1134/S1022795420060034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carra S., Boncoraglio A., Kanon B., Brunsting J.F., Minoia M., Rana A., Vos M.J., Seidel K., Sibon O.C., Kampinga H.H. Identification of the Drosophila ortholog of HSPB8. J. Biol. Chem. 2010;285:37811-37822. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M110.127498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carra S., Boncoraglio A., Kanon B., Brunsting J.F., Minoia M., Rana A., Vos M.J., Seidel K., Sibon O.C., Kampinga H.H. Identification of the Drosophila ortholog of HSPB8. J. Biol. Chem. 2010;285:37811-37822. DOI 10.1074/jbc.M110.127498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clancy D.J., Gems D., Harshman L.G., Oldham S., Stocker H., Hafen E., Leevers S.J., Partridge L. Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science. 2001;292(5514):104-106. DOI 10.1126/science.1057991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clancy D.J., Gems D., Harshman L.G., Oldham S., Stocker H., Hafen E., Leevers S.J., Partridge L. Extension of life-span by loss of CHICO, a Drosophila insulin receptor substrate protein. Science. 2001;292(5514):104-106. DOI 10.1126/science.1057991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drummond-Barbosa D., Spradling A.C. Stem cells and their progeny respond to nutritional changes during Drosophila oogenesis. Dev. Biol. 2001;231(1):265-278. DOI 10.1006/dbio.2000.0135. Graze R.M., Tzeng R.-Y., Howard T.S., Arbeitman M.N. Perturbation of IIS/TOR signaling alters the landscape of sex-differential gene expression in Drosophila. BMC Genom. 2018;19:893. DOI 10.1186/s12864-018-5308-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drummond-Barbosa D., Spradling A.C. Stem cells and their progeny respond to nutritional changes during Drosophila oogenesis. Dev. Biol. 2001;231(1):265-278. DOI 10.1006/dbio.2000.0135. Graze R.M., Tzeng R.-Y., Howard T.S., Arbeitman M.N. Perturbation of IIS/TOR signaling alters the landscape of sex-differential gene expression in Drosophila. BMC Genom. 2018;19:893. DOI 10.1186/s12864-018-5308-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hercus M.J., Loeschcke V., Rattan S.I.S. Lifespan extension of Drosophila melanogaster through hormesis by repeated mild heat stress. Biogerontology. 2003;4:149-156. DOI 10.1023/A:1024197806855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hercus M.J., Loeschcke V., Rattan S.I.S. Lifespan extension of Drosophila melanogaster through hormesis by repeated mild heat stress. Biogerontology. 2003;4:149-156. DOI 10.1023/A:1024197806855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hou Y.-C.C., Chittaranjan S., Barbosa S.G., McCall K., Gorski S.M. Effector caspase Dcp-1 and IAP protein Bruce regulate starvationinduced autophagy during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 2008;182:1127-1139. DOI 10.1083/jcb.200712091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hou Y.-C.C., Chittaranjan S., Barbosa S.G., McCall K., Gorski S.M. Effector caspase Dcp-1 and IAP protein Bruce regulate starvationinduced autophagy during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 2008;182:1127-1139. DOI 10.1083/jcb.200712091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izquierdo J.I. How does Drosophila melanogaster overwinter? Entomol. Exp. Appl. 1991;59:51-58. DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01485.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izquierdo J.I. How does Drosophila melanogaster overwinter? Entomol. Exp. Appl. 1991;59:51-58. DOI 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01485.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jolly C., Morimoto R.I. Role of the heat shock response and molecular chaperones in oncogenesis and cell death. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 2000;92(19):1564-1572. DOI 10.1093/jnci/92.19.1564.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolly C., Morimoto R.I. Role of the heat shock response and molecular chaperones in oncogenesis and cell death. J. Natl. Cancer. Inst. 2000;92(19):1564-1572. DOI 10.1093/jnci/92.19.1564.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kampinga H.H., Hageman J., Vos M.J., Kubota H., Tanguay R.M., Bruford E.A., Cheetham M.E., Chen B., Hightower L.E. Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2009;14:105-111. DOI 10.1007/s12192-008-0068-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kampinga H.H., Hageman J., Vos M.J., Kubota H., Tanguay R.M., Bruford E.A., Cheetham M.E., Chen B., Hightower L.E. Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones. 2009;14:105-111. DOI 10.1007/s12192-008-0068-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kapahi P., Zid B.M., Harper T., Koslover D., Sapin V., Benzer S. Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway. Curr. Biol. 2004;14(10):885-890. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.059.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapahi P., Zid B.M., Harper T., Koslover D., Sapin V., Benzer S. Regulation of lifespan in Drosophila by modulation of genes in the TOR signaling pathway. Curr. Biol. 2004;14(10):885-890. DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2004.03.059.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klionsky D.J., Cuervo A.M., Seglen P.O. Methods for monitoring autophagy from yeast to human. Autophagy. 2007;3(3):181-206. DOI 10.4161/auto.3678.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klionsky D.J., Cuervo A.M., Seglen P.O. Methods for monitoring autophagy from yeast to human. Autophagy. 2007;3(3):181-206. DOI 10.4161/auto.3678.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kroemer G., Mariño G., Levine B. Autophagy and the integrated stress response. Mol. Cell. 2010;40(2):280-293. DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kroemer G., Mariño G., Levine B. Autophagy and the integrated stress response. Mol. Cell. 2010;40(2):280-293. DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.09.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Bourg É. Using Drosophila melanogaster to study the positive effects of mild stress on aging. Exp. Gerontol. 2011;46:345-348. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Bourg É. Using Drosophila melanogaster to study the positive effects of mild stress on aging. Exp. Gerontol. 2011;46:345-348. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2010.08.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin Y.-J., Seroude L., Benzer S. Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah. Science. 1998;282(5390): 943-946. DOI 10.1126/science.282.5390.943.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin Y.-J., Seroude L., Benzer S. Extended life-span and stress resistance in the Drosophila mutant methuselah. Science. 1998;282(5390): 943-946. DOI 10.1126/science.282.5390.943.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lindquist S. The heat-shock response. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986;55: 1151-1191. DOI 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lindquist S. The heat-shock response. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1986;55: 1151-1191. DOI 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malkeyeva D., Kiseleva E., Fedorova S. Small heat shock protein Hsp67Bc plays a significant role in Drosophila melanogaster cold stress tolerance. J. Exp. Biol. 2020;223(Pt.21):jeb219592. DOI 10.1242/jeb.219592.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malkeyeva D., Kiseleva E., Fedorova S. Small heat shock protein Hsp67Bc plays a significant role in Drosophila melanogaster cold stress tolerance. J. Exp. Biol. 2020;223(Pt.21):jeb219592. DOI 10.1242/jeb.219592.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malkeyeva D.A., Kiseleva E.V., Fedorova S.A. Loss of Hsp67Bc leads to autolysosome enlargement in the Drosophila brain. Cell Biol. Int. 2021. DOI 10.1002/cbin.11721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malkeyeva D.A., Kiseleva E.V., Fedorova S.A. Loss of Hsp67Bc leads to autolysosome enlargement in the Drosophila brain. Cell Biol. Int. 2021. DOI 10.1002/cbin.11721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masoro E.J. Caloric restriction and aging: an update. Exp. Gerontol. 2000;35:299-305. DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00084-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masoro E.J. Caloric restriction and aging: an update. Exp. Gerontol. 2000;35:299-305. DOI 10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00084-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nezis I.P., Lamark T., Velentzas A.D., Rusten T.E., Bjørkøy G., Johansen T., Papassideri I.S., Stravopodis D.J., Margaritis L.H., Stenmark H., Brech A. Cell death during Drosophila melanogaster early oogenesis is mediated through autophagy. Autophagy. 2009;5: 298-302. DOI 10.4161/auto.5.3.7454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nezis I.P., Lamark T., Velentzas A.D., Rusten T.E., Bjørkøy G., Johansen T., Papassideri I.S., Stravopodis D.J., Margaritis L.H., Stenmark H., Brech A. Cell death during Drosophila melanogaster early oogenesis is mediated through autophagy. Autophagy. 2009;5: 298-302. DOI 10.4161/auto.5.3.7454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parzych K.R., Klionsky D.J. An overview of autophagy: morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2014;20(3): 460-473. DOI 10.1089/ars.2013.5371.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parzych K.R., Klionsky D.J. An overview of autophagy: morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2014;20(3): 460-473. DOI 10.1089/ars.2013.5371.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raut S., Mallik B., Parichha A., Amrutha V., Sahi C., Kumar V. RNAimediated reverse genetic screen identified Drosophila chaperones regulating eye and neuromuscular junction morphology. G3: Genes Genomes Genetics. (Bethesda). 2017;7(7):2023-2038. DOI 10.1534/g3.117.041632.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raut S., Mallik B., Parichha A., Amrutha V., Sahi C., Kumar V. RNAimediated reverse genetic screen identified Drosophila chaperones regulating eye and neuromuscular junction morphology. G3: Genes Genomes Genetics. (Bethesda). 2017;7(7):2023-2038. DOI 10.1534/g3.117.041632.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarikaya D.P., Belay A.A., Ahuja A., Dorta A., Green D.A., Extavour C.G. The roles of cell size and cell number in determining ovariole number in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 2012;363:279-289. DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarikaya D.P., Belay A.A., Ahuja A., Dorta A., Green D.A., Extavour C.G. The roles of cell size and cell number in determining ovariole number in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 2012;363:279-289. DOI 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.12.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarkar S., Singh M.D., Yadav R., Arunkumar K.P., Pittman G.W. Heat shock proteins: molecules with assorted functions. Front. Biol. (Beijing). 2011;6(4):312. DOI 10.1007/s11515-011-1080-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarkar S., Singh M.D., Yadav R., Arunkumar K.P., Pittman G.W. Heat shock proteins: molecules with assorted functions. Front. Biol. (Beijing). 2011;6(4):312. DOI 10.1007/s11515-011-1080-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarup P., Sørensen P., Loeschcke V. The long-term effects of a life-prolonging heat treatment on the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome suggest that heat shock proteins extend lifespan. Exp. Gerontol. 2014;50:34-39. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarup P., Sørensen P., Loeschcke V. The long-term effects of a life-prolonging heat treatment on the Drosophila melanogaster transcriptome suggest that heat shock proteins extend lifespan. Exp. Gerontol. 2014;50:34-39. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2013.11.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott R.C., Schuldiner O., Neufeld T.P. Role and regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. Dev. Cell. 2004;7(2):167-178. DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.07.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott R.C., Schuldiner O., Neufeld T.P. Role and regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in the Drosophila fat body. Dev. Cell. 2004;7(2):167-178. DOI 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.07.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen J.G., Kristensen T.N., Loeschcke V. The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins. Ecol. Lett. 2003;6:1025-1037. DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00528.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen J.G., Kristensen T.N., Loeschcke V. The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins. Ecol. Lett. 2003;6:1025-1037. DOI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00528.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tatar M., Kopelman A., Epstein D., Tu M.-P., Yin C.-M., Garofalo R.S. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science. 2001;292(5514): 107-110. DOI 10.1126/science.1057987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tatar M., Kopelman A., Epstein D., Tu M.-P., Yin C.-M., Garofalo R.S. A mutant Drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science. 2001;292(5514): 107-110. DOI 10.1126/science.1057987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vos M.J., Carra S., Kanon B., Bosveld F., Klauke K., Sibon O.C.M., Kampinga H.H. Specific protein homeostatic functions of small heat-shock proteins increase lifespan. Aging Cell. 2016;15:217-226. DOI 10.1111/acel.12422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vos M.J., Carra S., Kanon B., Bosveld F., Klauke K., Sibon O.C.M., Kampinga H.H. Specific protein homeostatic functions of small heat-shock proteins increase lifespan. Aging Cell. 2016;15:217-226. DOI 10.1111/acel.12422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang J., Wang Z., Zhang Z., Hua Q., Wang M., Shi C., Xue L., Zhang R., Xie X. Methuselah regulates longevity via dTOR: a pathway revealed by small-molecule ligands. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 2015; 7:280-282. DOI 10.1093/jmcb/mjv018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang J., Wang Z., Zhang Z., Hua Q., Wang M., Shi C., Xue L., Zhang R., Xie X. Methuselah regulates longevity via dTOR: a pathway revealed by small-molecule ligands. J. Mol. Cell Biol. 2015; 7:280-282. DOI 10.1093/jmcb/mjv018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wit J., Kristensen T.N., Sarup P., Frydenberg J., Loeschcke V. Laboratory selection for increased longevity in Drosophila melanogaster reduces field performance. Exp. Gerontol. 2013;48:1189-1195. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wit J., Kristensen T.N., Sarup P., Frydenberg J., Loeschcke V. Laboratory selection for increased longevity in Drosophila melanogaster reduces field performance. Exp. Gerontol. 2013;48:1189-1195. DOI 10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamamoto R., Palmer M., Koski H., Curtis-Joseph N., Tatar M. Aging modulated by the Drosophila insulin receptor through distinct structure-defined mechanisms. Genetics. 2021;217(2):iyaa037. DOI 10.1093/genetics/iyaa037.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamamoto R., Palmer M., Koski H., Curtis-Joseph N., Tatar M. Aging modulated by the Drosophila insulin receptor through distinct structure-defined mechanisms. Genetics. 2021;217(2):iyaa037. DOI 10.1093/genetics/iyaa037.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
