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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3296</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ГЕНЕТИКИ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MAINSTREAM TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Показатель снижения температуры растительного полога в селекции пшеницы на засухоустойчивость и жаростойкость</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Canopy temperature depression for droughtand heat stress tolerance in wheat breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1561-6345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепехов</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepekhov</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барнаул</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Barnaul</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergei.lepehov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный Алтайский научный центр агробиотехнологий<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Altai Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>196</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лепехов С.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лепехов С.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lepekhov S.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3296">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3296</self-uri><abstract><p>Прошло более 40 лет с начала использования инфракрасного термометра для оценки засухо- и жаростойкости в селекции растений. За это время метод широко распространился во всем мире. Однако в России описываемый способ оценки стрессоустойчивости сортов до сих пор не применяется. Нами сделан обзор результатов использования инфракрасного термометра в селекции растений. На примере пшеницы описаны основные достоинства и недостатки показателя CTD (сanopy temperature depression), оцениваемого посредством инфракрасного термометра. Генотипы с более высоким значением CTD, а значит, более прохладным пологом в условиях засухи, используют большее количество доступной почвенной влаги для охлаждения за счет транспирации. CTD – интегрирующий признак, который диагностирует текущий водный статус растений. Коэффициент вариации показателя CTD находится в пределах 10–43 %. В значительном количестве работ показана его тесная взаимосвязь с урожайностью и высокая наследуемость, однако в целом больший коэффициент наследуемости имела урожайность. Применение показателя CTD в практической селекции пшеницы оспаривается рядом исследователей из-за значительного количества влияющих на него факторов. CTD тесно связан с другими признаками, отражающими водный статус растений или результат адаптации к засухе или жаре. Локусы количественных признаков, ассоциированные с CTD, обнаружены на всех хромосомах, за исключением хромосомы 3D. Выявленные локусы часто описывают небольшую часть фенотипической изменчивости (10–20 %, чаще менее 10 %), что затруднит пирамидирование генов, связанных с температурой полога, посредством маркерной селекции. Оценка показателя CTD надежна, технически проста и производительна и при надлежащем ее использовании позволяет объективно определить одну из сторон жаро- и засухоустойчивости сортов, сохранив растения в живом виде, что выгодно отличает ее от других методов. Наилучший результат описываемый метод демонстрирует в условиях терминальной засухи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An infrared thermometer was first used to assess drought and heat tolerance in plant breeding more than 40 years ago. Soon afterward, this method became widely used throughout the world. However, Russia has not yet applied the described method for evaluating stress tolerance. This paper presents an overview of using infrared thermometry in plant breeding. Taking wheat as an example, it shows major advantages and disadvantages of canopy temperature depression (CTD) values measured by the infrared thermometer. The paper also demonstrates that genotypes with higher CTD values, and therefore with a lower canopy temperature, use more available soil moisture under drought stress to cool the canopy by transpiration. It refers to CTD as an integrative trait that reflects an overall plant water status. Its coefficient of variation lies in the interval of 10 to 43 %. A large number of publications illustrate a close relation between CTD values and yield and indicate a high heritability of the former. Meanwhile, the same works show that yield has a higher heritability. Moreover, some researchers doubt that CTD should be used in applied wheat breeding as there are many factors that influence it. CTD has a high correlation with other traits that reflect plant water status or their adaptation to drought or heat stress. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with CTD are localized in all chromosomes, except for 3D. These QTLs often explain a small part of phenotypic variance (10–20 %, more likely less than 10 %), which complicates the pyramiding of canopy temperature genes through marker-assisted selection. The paper concludes that the evaluation of CTD appears to be a reliable, relatively simple, labor-saving, objective, and non-invasive method that sets it apart from other methods as well as shows the best results under terminal drought and heat stress conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слова: показатель CTD</kwd><kwd>пшеница</kwd><kwd>засухоустойчивость</kwd><kwd>жаростойкость</kwd><kwd>критерий отбора</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CTD</kwd><kwd>wheat</kwd><kwd>drought tolerance</kwd><kwd>heat tolerance</kwd><kwd>selection criteria</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research is carried out under the Federal Altai Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies government contract No. 0534-2021-0003 (theme: “The use of molecular genetics and biotechnological research methods in plant breeding”).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acuña-Galindo M.A., Mason R.E., Subramanian N.K., Hays D.B. 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