<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль наночастиц высокодисперсного кремнезема в реализации эффектов гранулезы на компетентность к созреванию и оплодотворению ооцитов Sus scrofa domesticus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles in the realization of the effects of granulosa on the maturation and fertilization competence of Sus scrofa domesticus oocytes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-6080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Peterburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.kouzmina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7229-5766</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чистякова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chistyakova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Peterburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-9582</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Притужалова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prituzhalova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Peterburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aklevakina14@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-1912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татарская</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatarskaya</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Peterburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального научного центра животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pushkin Leningrad State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>234</fpage><lpage>239</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмина Т.И., Чистякова И.В., Притужалова А.О., Татарская Д.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Т.И., Чистякова И.В., Притужалова А.О., Татарская Д.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmina T.I., Chistyakova I.V., Prituzhalova A.O., Tatarskaya D.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3357">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3357</self-uri><abstract><p>Репродуктивные технологии являются одним из ключевых направлений в условиях необходимости сохранения и отбора выдающихся по хозяйственно полезным признакам особей сельскохозяйственных животных. Совершенствование имеющихся моделей созревания ооцитов in vitro в различных вариациях способствует решению проблемы низкого выхода эмбрионов свиней на завершающих стадиях доимплантационного развития. В настоящем исследовании с использованием технологии созревания и оплодотворения донорских ооцитов свиней in vitro предложена модель среды для культивирования гамет (NCSU-23 с 10 % гомологичной фолликулярной жидкостью, 10 МЕ ХГЧ и 10 МЕ ХГ лошади), модернизированная введением 1 · 106 клеток гранулезы (КГ) на 1 мл среды и 0.001 % наночастиц высокодисперсного кремнезема (нВДК). Анализ статуса хроматина ооцитов по методу Тарковского и оценка уровня деструктивных изменений хроматина соматических клеток овариальных фолликулов (апоптоз, пикноз) выявили значительное повышение показателей ядерного созревания гамет и снижение доли клеток гранулезы с дегенерированным хроматином при применении разработанной системы культивирования. Обнаружено позитивное влияние совместного введения КГ и нВДК в систему дозревания, позволившего увеличить показатели мейотического созревания и оплодотворяемости ооцитов. Оптимальные показатели фертильности ооцитов достигнуты при сочетанном использовании в системе дозревания КГ и нВДК (доля созревших клеток достигла 89 %, уровень ооцитов с дегенерацией хромосом составил 12 %, 39 % эмбрионов достигли завершающей стадии доимплантационного развития). Положительный эффект нВДК на показатели оплодотворяемости ооцитов сопровождался резким снижением деструктивных процессов в КГ при их культивировании в присутствии нВДК. Уровень пикнозов составил 32 %, а уровень апоптозов ( TUNEL-test) – 21 % по сравнению с контролем (43 и 31 % соответственно, р &lt; 0.01). Таким образом, выявлена высокая эффективность системы созревания ооцитов свиней в условиях совместного кокультивирования гамет с КГ и нВДК, что позволяет рекомендовать модель разработанной среды в технологии экстракорпорального созревания женских гамет Sus scrofa domesticus для повышения качества донорских яйцеклеток, используемых в клеточной и генетической инженерии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Reproductive technologies are some of the key directions in the context of the need to preserve and select highly productive farmed animals in terms of economically useful traits. Improvements of the existing models of the in vitro oocyte maturation system help to solve the problem of low yield of porcine embryos at the final stages of preimplantation development. In the present study, a model of culture medium for gametes (NCSU-23 with 10 % homologous follicular fluid, 10 IU hCG and 10 IU eCG) modernized by the addition of 1·106 granulosa cells (GCs) per ml and 0.001 % of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles (HDSn) is proposed for use in the IVM and IVF technology of donor porcine oocytes. Analysis of the oocyte chromatin status by the Tarkowsky method and assessment of the level of destructive changes in chromatin (apoptosis, pyknosis) revealed a significant percentage increase in matured oocytes and a decrease in the proportion of granulosa cells with degenerated chromatin when using the original culture system. The positive effects of a joint addition of GCs and HDSn to the maturation system have made it possible to increase the indicators of the meiotic maturation and fertilization of oocytes. Optimal results of developmental competence of oocytes were achieved with the joint use of GCs and HDSn in the maturation system (the proportion of matured cells reached 89 %, the level of oocytes with chromosome degeneration was 12 %, 39 % of embryos reached the final stage of preimplantation development). The positive effect of HDSn on oocyte fertilization was accompanied by an abrupt decrease in destructive processes in GCs during culture in the presence of HDSn. The level of somatic cells with pyknotic nuclei was 32 % and the level of apoptosis (TUNEL-test), 21 %, compared with the control (43 and 31 %, p &lt;0.01, respectively). Thus, a high efficiency of the porcine oocyte maturation system in the joint culture of gametes with GCs and HDSn was revealed. It makes it possible to recommend a model of this culture medium at the IVM of female gametes of Sus scrofa domesticus for improving the quality of donor oocytes used in cell and genetic engineering.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ооциты свиней</kwd><kwd>созревание in vitro</kwd><kwd>наночастицы высокодисперсного кремнезема</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>гранулеза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>porcine oocytes</kwd><kwd>maturation in vitro</kwd><kwd>highly dispersed silica nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>granulosa</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. 0445-2021-0005 and 121052600350-9).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abeydeera L.R., Wang W.H., Cantley T.C., Rieke A., Day B.N. Coculture with follicular shell pieces can enhance the developmental competence of pig oocytes after in vitro fertilization: relevance to intracellular glutathione. Biol. Reprod. 1998;58(1):213-218. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod58.1.213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abeydeera L.R., Wang W.H., Cantley T.C., Rieke A., Day B.N. Coculture with follicular shell pieces can enhance the developmental competence of pig oocytes after in vitro fertilization: relevance to intracellular glutathione. Biol. Reprod. 1998;58(1):213-218. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod58.1.213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boytseva E.N., Bychkova N.V., Kuzmina T.I. Effects of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the apoptosis of Bos taurus spermatozoa. Tsitologiya = Cytology. 2017;5(59):375-380. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boytseva E.N., Bychkova N.V., Kuzmina T.I. Effects of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the apoptosis of Bos taurus spermatozoa. Tsitologiya = Cytology. 2017;5(59):375-380. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradley J., Pope I., Wang Y., Langbein W., Borri P., Swann K. Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid droplets and their link to fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation in mouse eggs. J. Cell Sci. 2019;132(13):jcs228999. DOI 10.1242/jcs.228999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradley J., Pope I., Wang Y., Langbein W., Borri P., Swann K. Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid droplets and their link to fatty acid and pyruvate oxidation in mouse eggs. J. Cell Sci. 2019;132(13):jcs228999. DOI 10.1242/jcs.228999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canipari R. Oocyte-granulosa cell interactions. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2000;6(3):279-289. DOI 10.1093/humupd/6.3.279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canipari R. Oocyte-granulosa cell interactions. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2000;6(3):279-289. DOI 10.1093/humupd/6.3.279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Egerszegi I., Alm H., Rátky J., Heleil B., Brüssow K.P., Torner H. Meiotic progression, mitochondrial features and fertilisation characteristics of porcine oocytes with different G6PDH activities. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2010;22(5):830-838. DOI 10.1071/RD09140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Egerszegi I., Alm H., Rátky J., Heleil B., Brüssow K.P., Torner H. Meiotic progression, mitochondrial features and fertilisation characteristics of porcine oocytes with different G6PDH activities. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2010;22(5):830-838. DOI 10.1071/RD09140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fowler K.E., Mandawala A.A., Griffin D.K., Walling G.E., Harvey S.C. The production of pig preimplantation embryos in vitro: current progress and future prospects. Reprod. Biol. 2018;18(3):203-211. DOI 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.07.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fowler K.E., Mandawala A.A., Griffin D.K., Walling G.E., Harvey S.C. The production of pig preimplantation embryos in vitro: current progress and future prospects. Reprod. Biol. 2018;18(3):203-211. DOI 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.07.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janowski D., Salilew-Wondim D., Torner H., Tesfaye D., Ghanem N., Tomek W., El-Sayed A., Schellander K., Holker M. Incidence of apoptosis and transcript abundance in bovine follicular cells is associated with the quality of the enclosed oocyte. Theriogenology. 2012;78(3):656-669. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janowski D., Salilew-Wondim D., Torner H., Tesfaye D., Ghanem N., Tomek W., El-Sayed A., Schellander K., Holker M. Incidence of apoptosis and transcript abundance in bovine follicular cells is associated with the quality of the enclosed oocyte. Theriogenology. 2012;78(3):656-669. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmina T.I., Alm H., Тorner H. Methods of Porcine Embryos Production in vitro. St. Petersburg; Puskin, 2008. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina T.I., Alm H., Тorner H. Methods of Porcine Embryos Production in vitro. St. Petersburg; Puskin, 2008. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmina T.I., Chistyakova I.V., Tatarskaya D.N. The influence of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the functional activity of mitochondria and chromatin state in native and devitrified Bos taurus oocytes. Sel’skokhozyaystvennaya Biologiya = Agricultural Вiology. 2020;55(4):784-793. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2020.4.784eng.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina T.I., Chistyakova I.V., Tatarskaya D.N. The influence of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the functional activity of mitochondria and chromatin state in native and devitrified Bos taurus oocytes. Sel’skokhozyaystvennaya Biologiya = Agricultural Вiology. 2020;55(4):784-793. DOI 10.15389/agrobiology.2020.4.784eng.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuzmina T.I., Novichkova D.A., Chistyakova I.V., Epishko O.A. Effects of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the chromatin in somatic cells of porcine follicles. Veterinariya = Veterinary Medicine Journal. 2017;2:43-45. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina T.I., Novichkova D.A., Chistyakova I.V., Epishko O.A. Effects of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the chromatin in somatic cells of porcine follicles. Veterinariya = Veterinary Medicine Journal. 2017;2:43-45. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.S., Mendez R., Heng H.H., Yang Z.Q., Zhang K. Pharmacological ER stress promotes hepatic lipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Am. J. Transl. Res. 2012;4(1):102-113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.S., Mendez R., Heng H.H., Yang Z.Q., Zhang K. Pharmacological ER stress promotes hepatic lipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Am. J. Transl. Res. 2012;4(1):102-113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez E.A., Martinez C.A., Cambra J.M., Maside C., Lucas X., Vazquez J.L., Vazquez J.M., Roca J., Rodriguez-Martinez H., Gil M.A., Parrilla I., Cuello C. Achievements and future perspectives of embryo transfer technology in pigs. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2019;54(4):4-13. DOI 10.1111/rda.13465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez E.A., Martinez C.A., Cambra J.M., Maside C., Lucas X., Vazquez J.L., Vazquez J.M., Roca J., Rodriguez-Martinez H., Gil M.A., Parrilla I., Cuello C. Achievements and future perspectives of embryo transfer technology in pigs. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2019;54(4):4-13. DOI 10.1111/rda.13465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novichkova D.A., Kuzmina T.I. Effect of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the functioning of lipidome in Sus scrofa domesticus oocytes. Meditsina Ekstremal’nykh Situatsiy = Medicine of Extreme Situations. 2019;S1:30-34. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novichkova D.A., Kuzmina T.I. Effect of highly dispersed silica nanoparticles on the functioning of lipidome in Sus scrofa domesticus oocytes. Meditsina Ekstremal’nykh Situatsiy = Medicine of Extreme Situations. 2019;S1:30-34. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okamoto A., Ikeda M., Kaneko A., Kishida C., Shimada M., Yamashita Y. The novel pig in vitro maturation system to improve developmental competence of oocytes derived from atretic nonvascularized follicle. Biol. Reprod. 2016;95(4):7. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.116.138982.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okamoto A., Ikeda M., Kaneko A., Kishida C., Shimada M., Yamashita Y. The novel pig in vitro maturation system to improve developmental competence of oocytes derived from atretic nonvascularized follicle. Biol. Reprod. 2016;95(4):7. DOI 10.1095/biolreprod.116.138982.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Okazaki T., Nishibori M., Yamashita Y., Shimada М. LH reduces proliferative activity of cumulus cells and accelerates GVBD of porcine oocytes. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2003;209:43-50. DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2003.08.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okazaki T., Nishibori M., Yamashita Y., Shimada М. LH reduces proliferative activity of cumulus cells and accelerates GVBD of porcine oocytes. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2003;209:43-50. DOI 10.1016/j.mce.2003.08.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Remião M.H., Segatto N.V., Pohlmann A., Guterres S.S., Seixas F.K., Collares T. The potential of nanotechnology in medically assisted reproduction. Front. Pharmacol. 2018;8:994. DOI 10.3389/fphar.2017.00994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remião M.H., Segatto N.V., Pohlmann A., Guterres S.S., Seixas F.K., Collares T. The potential of nanotechnology in medically assisted reproduction. Front. Pharmacol. 2018;8:994. DOI 10.3389/fphar.2017.00994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romar R., Canovas S., Matas C., Gadea J., Coy P. Pig in vitro fertilization: where are we and where do we go? Theriogenology. 2019;137:113-121. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.045.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romar R., Canovas S., Matas C., Gadea J., Coy P. Pig in vitro fertilization: where are we and where do we go? Theriogenology. 2019;137:113-121. DOI 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.045.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roy P.K., Qamar A.Y., Fang X., Kim G., Bang S., Zoysa M., Shin S.T., Cho J. Chitosan nanoparticles enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2020;56(2):342-350. DOI 10.1111/rda.13871.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roy P.K., Qamar A.Y., Fang X., Kim G., Bang S., Zoysa M., Shin S.T., Cho J. Chitosan nanoparticles enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2020;56(2):342-350. DOI 10.1111/rda.13871.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Savchenko D.S. Studyng of antioxidatic properties of nanocomposite of highly dispersive silicon dioxide with silver nanoparticles. Meditsina i Obrazovanie v Sibiri = Medicine and Education in Siberia. 2013;6:23-30. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savchenko D.S. Studyng of antioxidatic properties of nanocomposite of highly dispersive silicon dioxide with silver nanoparticles. Meditsina i Obrazovanie v Sibiri = Medicine and Education in Siberia. 2013;6:23-30. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soriano-Úbeda C., García-Vazquez F.A., Romero-Aguirregomezcorta J., Matas C. Improving porcine in vitro fertilization output by simulating the oviductal environment. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:43616. DOI 10.1038/srep43616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soriano-Úbeda C., García-Vazquez F.A., Romero-Aguirregomezcorta J., Matas C. Improving porcine in vitro fertilization output by simulating the oviductal environment. Sci. Rep. 2017;7:43616. DOI 10.1038/srep43616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei J.H., Yuan X.Y., Zhang J.M., Wei J.Q. Caspase activity and oxidative stress of granulosa cells are associated with the viability and developmental potential of vitrified immature oocytes. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2016;198:22-26. DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei J.H., Yuan X.Y., Zhang J.M., Wei J.Q. Caspase activity and oxidative stress of granulosa cells are associated with the viability and developmental potential of vitrified immature oocytes. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2016;198:22-26. DOI 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.12.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X., Zhang K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated lipid droplet formation and type II diabetes. Biochem. Res. Int. 2012;2012:247275. DOI 10.1155/2012/247275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X., Zhang K. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated lipid droplet formation and type II diabetes. Biochem. Res. Int. 2012;2012:247275. DOI 10.1155/2012/247275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zyuzyn A.B., Shcherbak О.V., Osypchuk O.S., Kovtun S.I., Dzitsyuk V.V. Using of nanomaterials in embryogenetic system for receiving pig’s embryos in vitro. Faktory Eksperimentalnoi Evolutsii Organizmov = Factors in Experimental Evolution of Organisms. 2015;17:164-168. (in Ukrainian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyuzyn A.B., Shcherbak О.V., Osypchuk O.S., Kovtun S.I., Dzitsyuk V.V. Using of nanomaterials in embryogenetic system for receiving pig’s embryos in vitro. Faktory Eksperimentalnoi Evolutsii Organizmov = Factors in Experimental Evolution of Organisms. 2015;17:164-168. (in Ukrainian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
