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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетические подходы к видовой идентификации паразитических плоских червей рода Ligophorus (Monogenea), обитающих на лобане</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular-genetic approaches to species identification of platyhelminthes of the genus Ligophorus (Monogenea) parasitising flathead mullet</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Водясова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vodiasova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastopol</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eavodiasova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-2573</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Челебиева</surname><given-names>Э. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chelebieva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastopol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-3836</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихат</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhat</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastopol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атопкин</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atopkin</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6300-2458</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севастополь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sevastopol</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр «Институт биологии южных морей им. А.О. Ковалевского Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр биоразнообразия наземной биоты Восточной Азии, Дальневосточное отделение Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>297</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Водясова Е.А., Челебиева Э.С., Шихат О.В., Атопкин Д.М., Дмитриева Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Водясова Е.А., Челебиева Э.С., Шихат О.В., Атопкин Д.М., Дмитриева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vodiasova E.A., Chelebieva E.S., Shikhat O.V., Atopkin D.M., Dmitrieva E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3363">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3363</self-uri><abstract><p>Mugil cephalus L., 1758 (лобан) – ценная промысловая рыба и перспективный объект разведения в бассейнах Черного и Азовского морей. Изучение его паразитофауны крайне важно для рыбного промысла и марикультуры. Одними из массовых эктопаразитов, обитающих на жабрах кефалевых, являются моногенеи рода Ligophorus. На лобане в Азово-Черноморском регионе паразитируют два представителя этого рода: Ligophorus mediterraneus Sarabeev, Balbuena et Euzet, 2005 и Ligophorus cephali Rubtsova, Balbuena, Sarabeev, Blasco-Costa et Euzet, 2006. Морфологическое определение этих видов весьма трудоемко и требует высокого уровня квалификации. Для быстрого и точного различия двух названных видов паразитов нами разработан метод, основанный на ПЦР вариабельных участков рибосомного гена 28S. Данный ген широко используется для молекулярной таксономии рода Ligophorus. В настоящей работе применялись три подхода: анализ длины амплифицированных фрагментов, аллель-специфичная ПЦР с детекцией в конечной точке и аллельспецифичная ПЦР в реальном времени с использованием интеркалирующего красителя SYBR Green. Первый подход заключался в подборе праймеров для получения ПЦР-продуктов различной длины, которые были характерны для L. mediterraneus или L. cephali. Этот подход был осуществлен благодаря наличию нескольких вариабельных локусов, которые находятся на расстоянии друг от друга. ПЦР-смесь содержала три праймера: один прямой и два обратных. Прямой праймер был комплементарен консервативному участку, который не различался между видами. Обратные праймеры были видоспецифичны, при этом для каждого вида они были комплементарны различным участкам ДНК, которые расположены на удалении 100 п. н. друг от друга. В результате L. mediterraneus характеризовался более короткими ампликонами, чем L. cephali. Для второго и третьего подхода конструировалась пара праймеров по следующему принципу: прямой праймер был комплементарен обоим видам, так как подбирался к консервативному участку гена. Обратные праймеры были видоспецифичными и разрабатывались к вариабельному участку 28S. На этом участке два вида паразита различались тремя точечными мутациями. Таким образом, одна пара праймеров была комплементарна L. mediterraneus, вторая – L. cephali. Анализ длины амплифицированных фрагментов и аллель-специфичная ПЦР в реальном времени продемонстрировали 100 % совпадение результатов генотипирования при сравнении с морфологической идентификацией и секвенированием по Сэнгеру. Разработанные протоколы генотипирования могут быть использованы не только для различия обитающих на лобане двух видов Ligophorus при экологических исследованиях и в ветеринарной практике, но и для последующей разработки подобных методов для других моногеней, среди которых много патогенных видов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mugil cephalus L., 1758 (flathead mullet) is a valuable commercial fish and a promising object of artificial breeding in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and the study of its parasite fauna is important for fishery and mariculture. Monogeneans of the genus Ligophorus are common ectoparasites dwelling on the gills of mullets. Two representatives of this genus parasitise flathead mullet in the Azov-Black Sea region, namely Ligophorus mediterraneus Sarabeev, Balbuena et Euzet, 2005 and Ligophorus cephali Rubtsova, Balbuena, Sarabeev, Blasco-Costa et Euzet, 2006. Morphological identification of these species requires spending much time and a high level of experience in monogenean taxonomy. For quick and correct species identification of these parasites, we have developed a genotyping approach based on the polymerase chain reaction of allele-specific gene sites for various Monogenea species. A fragment of the 28S ribosomal gene, which includes conserved and variable sites, was chosen as a genetic marker. Three approaches were used as follows: amplified fragment length analysis, allelespecific PCR with endpoint detection and allele-specific real-time PCR using SYBR Green intercalating dye. The first approach was by obtaining PCR products of different lengths that were specific either to L. mediterraneus or to L. cephali. This approach was implemented due to the presence of several variable sites located at a distance from each other. The PCR mixture contained three primers: one forward and two reverse. The forward primer was complementary to the conserved site, which did not differ between species. Reverse primers were speciesspecific and, for each species, they were complementary to different DNA regions located 100 bp apart. As a result, L. mediterraneus was characterized by shorter amplicons than L. cephali. For the second and third approaches, a pair of primers was designed according to the following principle: the forward primer was complementary to both species, since it was selected for the conserved gene region. Reverse primers were species-specific and were designed for the 28S variable region. The two parasite species were distinguished by three-point mutations. Thus, one pair of primers was complementary to L. mediterraneus, the other, to L. cephali. The amplified fragment length analysis and the allele-specific real-time PCR demonstrated 100 % coincidence of genotyping results compared with Sanger sequencing. The developed genotyping protocols can be used not only to distinguish two species of Ligophorus from flathead mullet in ecological studies and veterinary practice but also for further development of similar approaches for other monogeneans, among which there are many pathogenic species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>аллель-специфическая ПЦР</kwd><kwd>Monogenea</kwd><kwd>Ligophorus</kwd><kwd>Mugil cephalus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genotyping</kwd><kwd>allele-specific PCR</kwd><kwd>Monogenea</kwd><kwd>Ligophorus</kwd><kwd>Mugil cephalus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was supported financially by RFBR under the scientific project No. 20-44-920004 and according to the State Assignment No. 0556-2021-0002, state registration number 121030100028-0.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakke T.A., Cable J., Harris P.D. 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