vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-28vavilov-3364Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ НА ИММУНИТЕТ, КАЧЕСТВО, ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТЬANIMAL GENETICS AND BREEDINGСравнительный анализ частот ДНК-полиморфизмов, ассоциированных с заболеваниями и хозяйственно важными признаками, в геномах российских и зарубежных пород крупного рогатого скотаComparative analysis of allele frequencies for DNA polymorphisms associated with disease and economically important traits in the genomes of Russian and foreign cattle breedsИгошинА. В.IgoshinA. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

РомашовГ. А.RomashovG. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЧерняеваЕ. Н.ChernyaevaE. N.

Москва

Moscow

ЕлаткинН. П.ElatkinN. P.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-5554ЮдинН. С.YudinN. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7859-6201ЛаркинД. М.LarkinD. M.

Лондон

London

dmlarkin@gmail.comФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationOOO «Мираторг-Генетика»РоссияLLC “Miratorg-Genetika”Russian FederationКоролевский ветеринарный колледжВеликобританияRoyal Veterinary CollegeUnited Kingdom202204062022263298307Copyright © Игошин А.В., Ромашов Г.А., Черняева Е.Н., Елаткин Н.П., Юдин Н.С., Ларкин Д.М., 20222022Игошин А.В., Ромашов Г.А., Черняева Е.Н., Елаткин Н.П., Юдин Н.С., Ларкин Д.М.Igoshin A.V., Romashov G.A., Chernyaeva E.N., Elatkin N.P., Yudin N.S., Larkin D.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3364

Генетический состав породы и ее генетические отличия от других пород определяют ее облик и характерные особенности, включая экономически важные признаки и встречаемость патологий. К настоящему времени выявлено множество локусов, контролирующих наиболее значимые фенотипы, что успешно используется в мировой практике для маркер-ассоциированной селекции в целях улучшения свойств пород. В настоящей работе проведен сравнительный анализ частот известных каузативных нуклеотидных замен, вставок и делеций, связанных с заболеваниями и хозяйственно ценными признаками, в российских и зарубежных породах крупного рогатого скота. Выявлены частоты вышеуказанных ДНК-полиморфизмов в популяциях российских пород крупного рогатого скота, выполнено их сравнение с частотами в зарубежных популяциях для пород, разводимых в Российской Федерации, а также с другими зарубежными породами. Наши результаты показывают схожесть частот большинства аллелей внутри пород (российского или зарубежного разведения), а также связь между представленностью аллелей исследуемых полиморфизмов и наличием определяемых ими фенотипических признаков. Были найдены и превышения по частотам ряда нежелательных аллелей в российских популяциях крупного рогатого скота, на которые стоит обратить внимание при селекционной работе с породами. Обнаружено, что аллели, отвечающие за повышенную фертильность породы герефорд, имеют повышенную частоту в популяциях российского разведения по сравнению с зарубежными популяциями. Интересно, что для азиатских турано-монгольских вагю и якутского скота наблюдалась меньшая связь между фенотипическими признаками и частотами известных каузативных аллелей по сравнению с европейскими породами. Наша работа указывает на конкретные генетические варианты, которые могут быть использованы для улучшения и/или поддержания качеств ряда пород крупного рогатого скота, разводимых в Российской Федерации.

The genetic makeup of a breed including its genetic differences from other breeds determines its appearance and characteristics, including economically important traits and resistance to pathologies. To date, many loci controlling significant phenotypes have been identified, which is successfully used in the world practice of marker-assisted selection to improve breed properties. The aim of this study was a comparative analysis of frequencies for known causative nucleotide substitutions, insertions and deletions associated with disease and economically important traits in Russian and foreign cattle breeds. As a result, we identified frequencies of these DNA polymorphisms in the populations of Russian cattle breeds, compared them with those of foreign populations of the same breed, as well as other foreign breeds. Our results indicate similarities in frequencies for most of such alleles within breeds (populations of Russian and foreign breeding), as well as the relationship between the causative allele prevalence and the presence of phenotypic traits under the effect. We also found an excess of some undesirable alleles in the Russian cattle populations, which should be paid attention to when designing breeding programs. We found that the alleles increasing fertility in the Hereford breed have a higher frequency in the Russian Hereford population compared to the foreign counterpart. Interestingly, unlike for the European breeds, for Asian Turano-Mongolian Wagyu and Yakut cattle, there was a less clear link between phenotypic traits and frequencies of known causative alleles. Our work points to specific genetic variants that could be used to improve and/or maintain the performance of certain cattle breeds bred in the Russian Federation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.