vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-39vavilov-3367Research ArticleТЕСТ-СИСТЕМЫ И ВАКЦИНОПРОФИЛАКТИКАРазработка и создание кандидатных вакцин против СOVID-19 на основе растительных систем экспрессии: состояние исследований и перспективыDesign and assembly of plant-based COVID-19 candidate vaccines: reсent development and future prospectshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-4196УвароваЕ. А.UvarovaE. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

uvarova@bionet.nsc.ruБелавинП. А.BelavinP. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ДейнекоЕ. В.DeinekoE. V.

НовосибирскТомск

NovosibirskTomsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Tomsk State UniversityRussian Federation202204062022263327335Copyright © Уварова Е.А., Белавин П.А., Дейнеко Е.В., 20222022Уварова Е.А., Белавин П.А., Дейнеко Е.В.Uvarova E.A., Belavin P.A., Deineko E.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3367

Вспышка нового варианта коронавирусной инфекции, известной как COVID-19, произошла в конце 2019 г. в Китае, в городе Ухань, и была вызвана вирусом SARS-CoV-2. Данный вариант вируса характеризуется высокой степенью изменчивости и, как показывает сложившаяся ситуация с его распространением по различным регионам земного шара, способен приводить к прогрессирующему распространению инфекции среди человеческой популяции и становиться причиной возникновения пандемии. Мировое сообщество исследователей прилагает огромные усилия для разработки средств защиты, профилактики и лечения этого заболевания, основываясь на современных достижениях в области молекулярной биологии, иммунологии и вакцинологии. В предлагаемом обзоре суммирована информация о современном состоянии исследований в области создания вакцин против COVID-19 с акцентом на роль растений в решении этой сложной проблемы. Хотя растения издавна использовались человечеством в качестве источников различных лекарственных субстанций, в условиях пандемии растительные системы экспрессии становятся привлекательными в качестве биофабрик или биореакторов для наработки искусственно созданных белковых молекул, включающих протективные антигены для вакцины против вирусной инфекции. Дизайн и конструирование таких искусственных молекул лежат в основе создания рекомбинантных субъединичных вакцин, нацеленных на быстрое реагирование против распространения инфекций с высокой степенью изменчивости. В обзоре представлено состояние исследований, охватывающее период немногим более двух лет, т. е. с момента появления новой коронавирусной инфекции. Обсуждается важность быстрого реагирования исследовательских групп из разных научных областей в направлении использования уже существующих разработок для создания средств защиты против различных патогенов. На примере двух растительных систем экспрессии – стабильной и транзиентной – показано развитие работ по конструированию рекомбинантных субъединичных вакцин против COVID-19 в различных лабораториях и коммерческих компаниях. Подчеркнута перспективность использования растительных систем экспрессии для разработки не только средств защиты в условиях быстрого реагирования (субъединичные вакцины), но и терапевтических средств в виде моноклональных антител против COVID-19, синтезируемых в растительных клетках.

An outbreak of a new variant of the coronavirus infection, known as COVID-19, occurred at the end of 2019 in China, in the city of Wuhan. It was caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This variant of the virus is characterized by a high degree of variability and, as the current situation with its spread across different regions of the globe shows, it can lead to a progressive spread of infection among the human population and become the cause of a pandemic. The world scientific community is making tremendous efforts to develop means of protection, prevention and treatment of this disease based on modern advances in molecular biology, immunology and vaccinology. This review provides information on the current state of research in the field of vaccine development against COVID-19 with an emphasis on the role of plants in solving this complex problem. Although plants have long been used by mankind as sources of various medicinal substances, in a pandemic, plant expression systems become attractive as biofactories or bioreactors for the production of artificially created protein molecules that include protective antigens against viral infection. The design and creation of such artificial molecules underlies the development of recombinant subunit vaccines aimed at a rapid response against the spread of infections with a high degree of variability. The review presents the state of research covering a period of just over two years, i. e. since the emergence of the new outbreak of coronavirus infection. The authors tried to emphasize the importance of rapid response of research groups from various scientific fields towards the use of existing developments to create means of protection against various pathogens. With two plant expression systems – stable and transient – as examples, the development of work on the creation of recombinant subunit vaccines against COVID-19 in various laboratories and commercial companies is shown. The authors emphasize that plant expression systems have promise for the development of not only protective means under conditions of rapid response (subunit vaccines), but also therapeutic agents in the form of monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 synthesized in plant cells.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.