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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3389</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Таксономическая структура бактериальных сообществ в хлебных заквасках спонтанного брожения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Taxonomic structure of bacterial communities in sourdoughs of spontaneous fermentation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9605-8028</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткин</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkin</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dir2645@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-2457</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локачук</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lockachuk</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2372-4277</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-6043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павловская</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlovskaya</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-2813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парахина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parakhina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пушкин, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра животноводства – ВИЖ им. академика Л.К. Эрнста<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals – Branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский филиал Научно-исследовательского института хлебопекарной промышленности<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Brunch of the Scientific Research Institute for the Baking Industry<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>385</fpage><lpage>393</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хлесткин В.К., Локачук М.Н., Савкина О.А., Кузнецова Л.И., Павловская Е.Н., Парахина О.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хлесткин В.К., Локачук М.Н., Савкина О.А., Кузнецова Л.И., Павловская Е.Н., Парахина О.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khlestkin V.K., Lockachuk M.N., Savkina O.A., Kuznetsova L.I., Pavlovskaya E.N., Parakhina O.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3389">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3389</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию микробиома хлебных заквасок спонтанного брожения. Цель работы – изучение влияния технологических параметров ведения заквасок на таксономическую структуру микробиома хлебных заквасок спонтанного брожения. Объектами исследования являлись две закваски спонтанного брожения – густая ржаная и жидкая ржаная без заварки, приготовленные с использованием одной партии муки ржаной обдирной. Для изучения таксономической структуры заквасочного микробиома в динамике применяли метод высокопроизводительного секвенирования фрагментов генов 16S рРНК микроорганизмов. Показано, что технологические параметры ведения заквасок (влажность, температура) не оказывают влияния на таксономический состав микробиома густой ржаной и жидкой ржаной заквасок на уровне филумов/классов/родов (но не видов). Установлено, что в течение первых трех суток ведения в микробном сообществе доминировали бактерии из филумов Proteobacteria и Firmicutes. В филуме Proteobacteria большую долю занимали микроорганизмы из порядка Enterobacterales, которые сохранялись в течение трех суток ведения заквасок. Филум Firmicutes был представлен молочнокислыми бактериями родов Weissella, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus. Классическими микробиологическими методами установлено, что через одни сутки брожения количество клеток молочнокислых бактерий было значительно выше в жидкой ржаной закваске по сравнению с густой, однако при дальнейшем ведении заквасок количество клеток было сопоставимым, при этом происходили существенные изменения на уровне родов и видов. Выявлено, что по мере увеличения относительной численности молочнокислых бактерий рода Lactobacillus происходило постепенное вытеснение кокковых форм Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, Pediococcus. При дальнейшем ведении заквасок через 10 суток положение доминирующих групп бактерий занимали представители филума Firmicutes – молочнокислые бактерии рода Lactobacillus. Показано влияние режима и параметров ведения заквасок на видовой состав лактобацилл, который демонстрировал низкое бактериальное разнообразие. В первые трое суток ведения в обеих заквасках доминировали лактобациллы L. curvatus, L. brevis и Lactiplantibacillus sp. Через месяц ведения в густой ржаной закваске доминировали Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis и Companilactobacillus sp., а в жидкой ржаной – L. pontis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the microbiome of spontaneously fermented sourdoughs. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the technological parameters of sourdough propagations on the taxonomic structure of the microbiome of spontaneously fermented sourdoughs. Two spontaneously fermented sourdoughs were studied: dense rye sourdough and liquid rye sourdough, both prepared using the same batch of peeled rye flour. To study the taxonomic structure of the sourdough microbiome in dynamics, the method of high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments of microorganisms was used. It was shown that the technological parameters of sourdough (humidity, temperature) do not affect the taxonomic composition of the microbiome of dense rye or liquid rye sourdough at the phylum/class/genus level. It was found that during the first three days of propagations, bacteria from the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes dominated in the microbial community. In the phylum Proteobacteria, microorganisms from the order Enterobacterales took a large share, which persisted for three days of backslopping. The phylum Firmicutes was represented by lactic acid bacteria of the genera Weissella, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus. It was established by classical microbiological methods that after a day of fermentation, the number of lactic acid bacteria cells was significantly higher in liquid rye sourdough compared to dense one. However, with further propagation of sourdoughs, the number of cells was comparable, while significant changes occurred at the level of genera and species. It was shown that as the relative number of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus increased, a gradual displacement of the coccal forms of Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, Pediococcus happened. With further propagation of sourdough after 10 days, the position of the dominant groups of bacteria was occupied by representatives of the phylum Firmicutes, lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. The influence of the mode and parameters of the sourdough on the species composition of lactobacilli, which demonstrated a low bacterial diversity, is shown. In the first three days of propagations, lactobacilli L. curvatus, L. brevis, and Lactiplantibacillus sp. dominated in both sourdoughs. After a month of backslopping, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis and Companilactobacillus sp. dominated in dense rye sourdough, and L. pontis dominated in liquid rye sourdough.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ржаная закваска</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>микробное сообщество</kwd><kwd>лактобактерии</kwd><kwd>высокопроизводительное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ферментация</kwd><kwd>хлебобулочные изделия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rye sourdough</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>microbial community</kwd><kwd>lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>high-throughput sequencing</kwd><kwd>fermentation</kwd><kwd>bakery products</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 19-016-00085 “Study of species diversity and symbiotic interactions in the microbiomes of starch-protein hydrocolloid systems (bread sourdoughs)”. 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