References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJ15.002

vavilov-341

Research Article

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ

On the 150th anniversary of Gregor Mendel’s report “Experiments in plant hybridization”

При царе горохе (Pisum sativum L.): непростая судьба первого генетического объекта

Pea (Pisum sativum L.): the uneasy fate of the first genetical object

Костерин

О. Э.

Kosterin

O. E.

kosterin@bionet.nsc.ru

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation

2015

02072015

1911326

2015

Костерин О.Э.

Kosterin O.E.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/341

Горох посевной (Pisum sativum L.) является важнейшей зернобобовой, овощной и кормовой культурой и улучшает плодородие почв за счет симбиотической азотфиксации. Горох является первым генетическим объектом, поскольку именно на нем проводил опыты создатель генетики Г. Мендель. У гороха также была найдена первая в истории генетики транслокация. Время генерации гороха может быть сокращено до 35 суток, что сопоставимо с арабидопсисом. Однако небольшие трудноразличимые хромосомы затормозили развитие цитогенетики гороха, а рекомбинационные генетические карты вплоть до 1990-х гг. оставались не вполне адекватными и были исправлены лишь с применением молекулярных маркеров. До сих пор у гороха сосуществуют две разные нумерации – одна для групп сцепления, другая для хромосом как цитологических объектов. В последнее время к гороху с успехом был применен весь арсенал молекулярных маркеров – изоферменты, RAPD-, SSR-, RFLP-, AFLP-, STS-, CAPS-, sCAPS-, SNP-маркеры, а также методы обратной генетики, такие как тиллинг и вирусиндуцированный геномный сайленсинг; ожидается применение ассоциативного картирования. Проведен ряд транскриптомных исследований. В то же время полный ядерный геном гороха до сих пор не расшифрован; его расшифровка ожидается в 2016 г. Для разработки молекулярных маркеров у гороха активно используется синтения его генома с расшифрованным геномом Medicago truncatula. Генетическая трансформация гороха весьма затруднена. В качестве модельного генетического объекта горох был использован для исследования таких важных фундаментальных вопросов, как генетический контроль симбиоза с азотфиксирующими бактериями, влияние изменчивости генов гистона Н1 на фенотип, механизм конфликта ядра и цитоплазмы в отдаленных скрещиваниях, возникновение В-хромосом у растений, генетический контроль морфологии сложного листа.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important vegetable and forage crop capable of improving soils via symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It is of special importance in Russia as a crop adapted to high latitudes and an inexpensive source of plant protein. In addition, pea is the first genetical object used in famous G. Mendel’s experiments. The first translocation in the history of genetics was also found in pea. Pea generation time can be shortened to 35 days, which is comparable with Arabidopsis. However, small and hardly recognizable chromosomes hampered the development of pea cytogenetics, while recombination genetic maps remained inadequate until 1990s, when they were improved only with the aid of molecular methods. Two different notations for pea linkage groups and chromosomes as cytological objects still coexist. Recently, the whole toolbox of modern molecular methods of genetic analysis was applied to pea, including isozymes, RAPD-, SSR-, RFLP-, AFLP-, STS-, CAPS-, sCAPS-, and SNP-markers, as well as methods of reverse genetics including TILLING and virus-induced genomic silencing. Application of association mapping. Several transcriptome studies have been carried out in pea. Meanwhile, we await the completion of pea nuclear genome sequencing in 2016. For working out new molecular markers in pea, the synteny of its genome to the sequenced genome of Medicago truncatula is extensively used. Genetic transformation of pea is very difficult. Pea has been used as an experimental model for investigation of the following fundamental issues: the genetic control of symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria, influence of variation in the histone H1 gene on the phenotype, mechanism of nuclear- cytoplasmic conflict in remote crosses, origin of B-chromosomes in plants, and genetic control of compound leaf morphology.

Pisum sativum L.горохгенетический объектгенетические картымолекулярные маркеры

Pisum sativum L.peagenetic objectgenetic mapmolecular markers

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.