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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3439</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «МЕХАНИЗМЫ АДАПТАЦИИ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ», ИРКУТСК</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неспецифическая адаптационная реакция байкальского фитопланктона в ответ на антропогенную нагрузку</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nonspecific response of Lake Baikal phytoplankton to anthropogenic impact</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никонова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikonova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alenaxis@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьёва</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobyeva</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иркутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irkutsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Лимнологический институт Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>467</fpage><lpage>476</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никонова А.А., Воробьёва С.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никонова А.А., Воробьёва С.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikonova A.A., Vorobyeva S.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3439">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3439</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены первые результаты по изучению окислительного стресса фитопланктона из озера Байкал и его адаптивных свойств к изменению среды обитания в условиях повышенной антропогенной нагрузки. Анализ фитопланктона, отобранного в поверхностном слое воды (~0.3 м) на прибрежной (глубина 5 м, расстояние от берега 10 м) и пелагической станциях (глубина 543 м, расстояние от берега 1000 м), показал смену доминирующих видов с февраля по июнь 2021 г. В феврале доминировали динофитовые (~40 %), диатомовые (до 33 %) и зеленые (до 12 %) водоросли с низкой биомассой – 100 мг/м3. В марте преобладали золотистые (до 50 %), криптофитовые (до 40 %) и динофитовые (до 30 %) (биомасса 160–270 мг/м3). В апреле наблюдалось увеличение биомассы до 700–3100 мг/м3 с доминированием крупноклеточных динофитовых (до 99 %), золотистых (до 50 %) и криптофитовых (до 35 %) водорослей. К концу первой декады мая доля динофитовых снизилась и увеличилась доля золотистых. Уровень развития диатомовых повышался во второй декаде мая до ~26–38 % при минимальной биомассе фитопланктона (13–30 мг/м3). К июню доля диатомовых в пробах достигала 44–75 % при биомассе 60–550 мг/м3. Окислительный стресс фитопланктона как неспецифическую адаптационную реакцию на длительное, интенсивное либо повторяющееся воздействие стресс-фактора оценивали по содержанию в пробах веществ, вступающих в реакцию с тиобарбитуровой кислотой. Среднее содержание данных веществ – маркеров перекисного окисления липидов – было оценено спектрофотометрически. Окислительный стресс фитопланктона выявлен только в период доминирования в пробах диатомовых водорослей. Это может быть объяснено лучшей адаптацией водорослей других отделов к стресс-фактору. Содержание маркеров перекисного окисления липидов в прибрежном фитопланктоне, отобранном вблизи населенного пункта и крупного туристического центра пос. Листвянка, составило от 100 до 500 мкг/г сухой массы пробы. В 2016 и 2018 гг. в период массового развития диатомовых водорослей обнаружен окислительный стресс фитопланктона вблизи крупных населенных пунктов. В фитопланктоне глубоководных пелагических станций, максимально удаленных от населенных пунктов, стресс не найден. С помощью метода газовой хроматографии показано более низкое (до 15 %) содержание полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в планктоне, характеризующемся наличием стресса. Это свидетельствует о повреждении мембран клеток. Повышенное содержание анионных синтетических поверхностно-активных веществ, а именно алкилбензолсульфонатов натрия, являющихся компонентами моющих средств и вызывающих окислительный стресс гидробионтов, обнаружено в поверхностной воде оз. Байкал (до 30 ± 4 мкг/дм3). Наличие данных соединений в водной экосистеме может приводить к исчерпанию ресурсов фитопланктона, нарушению гомеостаза, стрессу, патологическим изменениям и перестройкам планктонного сообщества.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this study, we present the first results on oxidation stress in Lake Baikal phytoplankton and its adaptation to environmental changes under anthropogenic impact. As was shown, the changing of the dominant species of phytoplankton collected from the surface water layer (~0.3 m) took place from February to June 2021. Phytoplankton were collected at a nearshore station (a littoral station at a distance of ~0.01 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~5 m) and an offshore station (a pelagic station at a distance of ~1 km from the shoreline, depth to bottom is ~543 m). In February, dinoflagellates were dominant (~40 %) as well as diatoms (≤33 %) and green algae (≤12 %). Their biomass was 100 mg·m–3. In March, chrysophytes were dominant (up to 50 %) as well as cryptophytes (≤43 %) and dinoflagellates (≤30 %). Their biomass was 160–270 mg·m–3. In April, biomass increased up to 700–3100 mg·m–3 with the dominance of large cell dinoflagellates (up to 99 %), chrysophytes (up to 50 %), and cryptophytes (up to 35 %). By the end of the first decade of May, the percentage of dinoflagellates decreased and that of cryptophytes increased. In the second decade of May, the percentage of diatoms increased up to ~26–38 % but phytoplankton biomass was minimal (13–30 mg·m–3). By June, the percentage of diatoms in the samples reached 44–75 % at 60–550 mg·m–3. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton as a nonspecific adaptive response to a prolonged, intensive, or recurrent effect of a stress factor was estimated from the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The mean content of these substances (markers of the lipid peroxidation) was determined spectrophotometrically. The oxidation stress of phytoplankton was revealed only when diatom algae dominated. It can be explained by adaptation of algae of other classes to the stress factor. The content of the lipid peroxidation markers in the coastal phytoplankton collected close to the settlement of Listvyanka known as a large touristic center was estimated from 100 to 500 μg·g–1 of dry weight of sample. During the period of diatom blooming in 2016 and 2018, oxidation stress of phytoplankton collected near large settlements was found. In phytoplankton from deep-water pelagic stations most remote from settlements, stress was not revealed. Using the method of gas chromatography, we showed a lower (up to 15 %) content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in phytoplankton characterized by stress occurrence. This confirms cell membrane damages. In Lake Baikal surface water, we found a higher content of synthetic anionic surfactants (sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates), which are components of detergents and cause oxidation stress of hydrobionts (up to 30 ± 4 μg·L–1). The presence of these substances in a water ecosystem can result in exhausting of phytoplankton cell resources, homeostasis imbalance, stress, pathological changes, and rearrangements in phytoplankton assemblage.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Байкал</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс фитопланктона</kwd><kwd>стресс диатомовых</kwd><kwd>алкилбензолсульфонаты</kwd><kwd>тиобарбитуровая кислота</kwd><kwd>адаптационная реакция фитопланктона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Baikal</kwd><kwd>phytoplankton oxidation stress</kwd><kwd>stress response in diatoms</kwd><kwd>alkylbenzene sulfonates</kwd><kwd>TBARs</kwd><kwd>adaptation of phytoplankton</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The investigation was carried out within the State Projects of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (No. 0279- 2021-0005 “Investigation of the transformations in the state of water bodies and watercourses in Eastern Siberia in seasonal and long-term aspects within the context of changes in the climate, geological conditions, and anthropogenic impact”) using the “Ultramicroanalysis” Instrumental Center equipment and the Unique Scientific Center “Experimental Freshwater Aquarium Complex of Lake Baikal water organisms” of the Limnological Institute of SB RAS</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Rashed S.A., Ibrahim M.M., El-Gaaly G.A., Al-Shehri S., Mostafa A. 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