vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-67vavilov-3476Research ArticleГЕНЕТИКА МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВMICROBIAL GENETICSРедкие генотипы Wolbachia в лабораторных линиях Drosophila melanogasterRare Wolbachia genotypes in laboratory Drosophila melanogaster strainshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-3325РябининА. С.RyabininA. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

bykovra@bionet.nsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-4485ШишкинаО. Д.ShishkinaO. D.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-3241ИлинскийЮ. Ю.IlinskyYu. Yu.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-1773БыковР. А.BykovR. A.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

bykovra@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202209102022266553559Copyright © Рябинин А.С., Шишкина О.Д., Илинский Ю.Ю., Быков Р.А., 20222022Рябинин А.С., Шишкина О.Д., Илинский Ю.Ю., Быков Р.А.Ryabinin A.S., Shishkina O.D., Ilinsky Y.Y., Bykov R.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3476

Симбиотические бактерии рода Wolbachia широко распространены в популяциях Drosophila melanogaster. На основе полиморфизма перестроек генома разнообразие Wolbachia у D. melanogaster подразделяется на две клады: MEL (генотипы wMel, wMel2, wMel3 и wMel4) и CS (wMelCS и wMelCS2). Генотип wMel доминирует в природных популяциях D. melanogaster и распространен по всему миру. Генотипы CS-клады представляют особый интерес, поскольку неизвестно, как они поддерживаются в популяциях D. melanogaster. При низкой частоте встречаемости они должны элиминироваться вследствие генетического дрейфа или вытесняться генотипом wMel, чего в действительности не происходит. Следовательно, эти генотипы поддерживаются отбором. Например, штамм wMelPlus (генотип wMelCS) способен увеличивать продолжительность жизни мух при повышенных температурах. Генотип wMelCS также увеличивает интенсивность дофаминового метаболизма у дрозофил по сравнению с генотипами MEL-клады. В настоящей работе проведен поиск редких генотипов Wolbachia wMelCS и wMelCS2, а также новых генотипов в линиях D. melanogaster дикого типа и в отдельных мутантных линиях лабораторного фонда. Симбионт был выявлен во всех популяционных выборках у 200 из 385 линий дикого типа и у 83 из 170 мутантных. Разнообразие Wolbachia в линиях D. melanogaster дикого типа представлено генотипами wMel, wMelCS и wMelCS2. Более 90 % инфицированных линий несут Wolbachia wMel генотипа, 9 % – wMelCS2, и только в двух линиях обнаружен wMelCS. Новых генотипов Wolbachia не зафиксировано. Для генотипа wMelCS2 отмечена наиболее северная точка распространения – Ижевск (Удмуртия). Впервые показано присутствие генотипа wMelCS2 в линии D. melanogaster из популяции о. Сахалин, а в линии из популяции г. Нальчик – генотипа wMelCS. Сравнение генетического разнообразия Wolbachia между лабораторными линиями дикого типа и ранее полученными данными для мутантных лабораторных линий показало различие в частотах редких генотипов CS-группы, у мутантных линий их больше, что может быть связано с историей поддержания линий Drosophila.

Symbiotic bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are widespread in Drosophila melanogaster populations. Based on the polymorphism of the Wolbachia genome, the symbionts’ diversity in D. melanogaster is presented by two groups: MEL (wMel, wMel2, wMel3 and wMel4) and CS (wMelCS and wMelCS2). The wMel genotype is predominant in natural D. melanogaster populations and is distributed all over the world. The CS genotypes, on the other hand, are of particular interest because it is unclear how they are maintained in the fruit f ly populations since they should have been eliminated from them due to their low frequency and genetic drift or been replaced by the wMel genotype. However, this is not what is really observed, which means these genotypes are supported by selection. It is known that the wMelPlus strain of the wMelCS genotype can increase the lifespan of infected f lies at high temperatures. The same genotype also increases the intensity of dopamine metabolism in Drosophila compared to the MEL-group genotypes. In the present study, we searched for the rare Wolbachia wMelCS and wMelCS2 genotypes, as well as for new genotypes in wild-type D. melanogaster strains and in several mutant laboratory strains. The symbiont was found in all populations, in 200 out of 385 wild-type strains and in 83 out of 170 mutant strains. Wolbachia diversity in D. melanogaster wild-type strains was represented by the wMel, wMelCS and wMelCS2 genotypes. More than 90 % of the infected strains carried wMel; 9 %, wMelCS2; and only two strains were found to carry wMelCS. No new Wolbachia genotypes were found. The northernmost point reported for the wMelCS2 genotype was Izhevsk city (Udmurtia, Russia). For the f irst time the wMelCS2 genotype was detected in D. melanogaster from the Sakhalin Island, and wMelCS, in the f lies from Nalchik (the North Caucasus). A comparison of Wolbachia genetic diversity between the wild-type laboratory strains and previously obtained data on mutant laboratory strains demonstrated differences in the frequencies of rare CS genotypes, which were more prevalent in mutant strains, apparently due to the breeding history of these Drosophila strains.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.