vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-71vavilov-3480Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ КОЛЛЕКЦИИОсобенности видового состава патогенных грибов рода Fusarium в биоценозах кукурузы Воронежской областиA characteristic of the species composition of pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium in corn biocenoses of the Voronezh regionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1897-2380КоломиецТ. М.KolomietsT. M.

р.п. Большие Вяземы, Одинцовский район, Московская область

Bolshie Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region

lomi1@yandex.ruКиселеваМ. И.KiselevaM. I.

р.п. Большие Вяземы, Одинцовский район, Московская область

Bolshie Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region

ЖемчужинаН. С.ZhemchuzhinaN. S.

р.п. Большие Вяземы, Одинцовский район, Московская область

Bolshie Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region

ПанкратоваЛ. Ф.PankratovaL. F.

р.п. Большие Вяземы, Одинцовский район, Московская область

Bolshie Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region

ЕлизароваС. А.ElizarovaS. A.

р.п. Большие Вяземы, Одинцовский район, Московская область

Bolshie Vyazemy, Odintsovo district, Moscow region

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт фитопатологииРоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a PhytopathologyRussian Federation202209102022266583592Copyright © Коломиец Т.М., Киселева М.И., Жемчужина Н.С., Панкратова Л.Ф., Елизарова С.А., 20222022Коломиец Т.М., Киселева М.И., Жемчужина Н.С., Панкратова Л.Ф., Елизарова С.А.Kolomiets T.M., Kiseleva M.I., Zhemchuzhina N.S., Pankratova L.F., Elizarova S.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3480

Кукуруза относится к основным культурам современного мирового земледелия. Она стоит на первом месте по валовым сборам зерна и на втором – по посевным площадям, уступая лишь основной хлебной культуре земного шара – пшенице. Одна из актуальных задач аграрного производства – проблема увеличения валового сбора зерна и зеленой массы кукурузы. Высокая потенциальная урожайность очень часто остается нереализованной вследствие развития болезней, прямые потери от которых оцениваются в 20–50 %. Цель настоящей работы – изучение видового состава микромицетов на растениях кукурузы, собранных в разные фазы вегетации в мае-июле 2020 г. в Воронежской области, идентификация фитопатогенных грибов из рода Fusarium, выявление патогенных и фитотоксичных штаммов грибов рода Fusarium для пополнения коллекции Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института фитопатологии. Сохранение инфекционного материала грибов из рода Fusarium имеет немаловажное значение для фитопатологических, иммунологических, селекционных, генетических и токсикологических исследований. В результате проведенного микологического анализа обнаружено большое количество изолятов грибов из родов Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Periconia, Pythium, Trichothecium и др., выделенных из пораженных корней, стеблей и початков кукурузы в Воронежской области в 2020 г. Изоляты грибов из семи таксономических групп: Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (F. moniliforme, F. verticillioides), Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees (F. lolii ), Fusarium roseum Link (F. sambucinum), Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., были проверены по патогенности и фитотоксичности на всходах растений-тестеров. Показано, что патогенная и фитотоксичная активность у грибов как между видами Fusarium, так и в пределах одного вида существенно различается. Наибольшую опасность для кукурузы представляют виды F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, F. heterosporum, обладающие высокой интенсивностью проявления фитотоксической активности, связанной с тем, что они способствуют синтезу и накоплению опасных токсинов в тканях растений. В результате проведенных исследований отобрано 55 штаммов грибов из рода Fusarium, относящихся к семи видам. Стабильные по морфолого-культуральным признакам и изученные по патогенности и фитотоксичности изоляты помещены на длительное хранение в Государственную коллекцию фитопатогенных микроорганизмов и сортов растений-идентификаторов патогенных штаммов микроорганизмов, созданную на базе Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института фитопатологии.

Corn is one of the main crops of modern world agriculture. It ranks f irst in terms of gross grain harvests and second in terms of acreage, ceding only to the main grain crop of the globe, wheat. The problem of increasing the production of grain and green mass of corn remains one of the urgent tasks of agricultural production. High potential yields very often remain untapped due to diseases, direct losses from which are estimated at 20–50 %. The purpose of this work was to study the species composition of micromycetes on corn collected in different phases of vegetation in May-July 2020 in the Voronezh region, to identify phytopathogenic genus Fusarium fungi, to study pathogenic and phytotoxic strains of the fungi to replenish the collection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology. Preservation of infectious material of fungi from the genus Fusarium is of no small importance for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic and toxicological studies. As a result of the mycological studies carried out, a lot of fungi isolates from the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Periconia, Pythium, Trichothecium, etc., isolated from the affected roots, stems and ears of corn in the Voronezh region in 2020 were identif ied. Fungi isolates from seven taxonomic groups: Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (F. moniliforme, F. verticillioides), Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc., Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees (F. lolii ), Fusarium roseum Link (F. sambucinum), Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. were tested for pathogenicity and phytotoxicity on seedlings of plant-testers. It has been shown that pathogenic and phytotoxic activity in fungi varies signif icantly between Fusarium species and within the same species. The greatest danger to corn is represented by the species F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. fujikuroi, F. oxysporum, F. heterosporum, which have a high intensity of phytotoxic activity associated with the fact that they contribute to the synthesis and accumulation of dangerous toxins in plant tissues. As a result of the conducted studies, 55 strains of fungi from the genus Fusarium belonging to seven species were selected. The isolates, stable in morphological and cultural characteristics and studied for pathogenicity and toxicity, were placed for long-term storage in the Russian State Collection of Plant Pathogenic Microorganisms and Cultivars for Identif ication of Phytopathogenic Microbial Strains at the All-Russian Scientif ic Research Institute of a Phytopathology.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.