vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-74vavilov-3522Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ РАСТЕНИЙPLANT GENETICS RESOUCESФенотипические признаки, определяющие дифференциацию генофонда гороха (Pisum sativum L.) по направлениям использованияPhenotypic traits differentiating the genetic resources of pea (Pisum sativum L.) by the type of usehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-1091СеменоваЕ. В.SemenovaE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

e.semenova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-8546БойкоА. П.BoykoA. P.

Сочи

Sochi

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-3671НовиковаЛ. Ю.NovikovaL. Y.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-7745ВишняковаМ. А.VishnyakovaM. A.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationАдлерская опытная станция – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияAdler Experiment Station – Branch of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202228112022267599608Copyright © Семенова Е.В., Бойко А.П., Новикова Л.Ю., Вишнякова М.А., 20222022Семенова Е.В., Бойко А.П., Новикова Л.Ю., Вишнякова М.А.Semenova E.V., Boyko A.P., Novikova L.Y., Vishnyakova M.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3522

Поддержание жизнеспособности и изучение образцов коллекции гороха ВИР осуществляется на опытных станциях института в разных агроклиматических зонах страны. Каждый образец коллекции включен в трехлетний цикл полевого изучения по комплексу селекционно значимых признаков. Фенотипический скрининг коллекции позволяет осуществить оценку признаков, выявить характер их изменчивости и ранжировать образцы по значениям признаков в качестве исходного материала для селекции. Один из основных принципов дифференциации генофонда гороха – разделение образцов по направлениям использования: зерновому, кормовому и овощному. Каждое из этих направлений требует специализированного исходного материала. Между тем четко очерченного перечня различий между фенотипами растений каждого из этих направлений не существует. Более того, имеется множество сходных признаков, порой затрудняющих отнесение сорта к той или иной категории использования. В настоящей статье приведены анализ и обобщение данных трехлетнего фенотипирования образцов коллекции в условиях Краснодарского края на Адлерской опытной станции. Объектом исследования служили 494 коллекционных образца, происходящих из 43 стран и 18 областей и краев Российской Федерации. Образцы оценивали по четырем качественным, десяти количественным и четырем фенологическим признакам. Статистическая обработка данных полевой оценки позволила выявить, что образцы означенных направлений достоверно различались по комплексу признаков: длина стебля; число бобов на растении; число узлов до первого цветка; число цветков в кисти; максимальное число семян в бобе; длина и ширина боба. Определены средние значения этих признаков для всех направлений использования. Овощные сорта максимально отличаются от кормовых. Зерновые занимают промежуточное положение. Выявленный комплекс фенотипических признаков, определяющий различия трех групп направлений использования гороха, упростит работу с коллекцией, в частности подбор исходного материала для селекции соответствующих сортов.

The paper presents an analysis of the data obtained for pea accessions from the VIR collection studied at the Adler Experiment Station in the setting of the Krasnodar Territory in 2017–2019. It was for the first time that these accessions were studied for a set of phenotypic traits. The object of the study was a sample of 494 pea accessions originated from 43 countries and 18 regions and territories of the Russian Federation. The work was carried out in compliance with the methodological guidelines developed at VIR. Statistica 13.3 software was employed for statistical data processing. An assessment of four qualitative, 10 quantitative and four phenological traits in the accessions made it possible to differentiate them by the type of use, that is, as dry, forage and garden peas. The varieties differing in the type of use significantly differed by the values of such traits as stem length, number of pods per plant, number of nodes to the first flower, number of flowers in the inflorescence, the maximum number of seeds per pod, pod length, and a narrower pod of forage pea compared to that of dry and garden peas. The average values of these traits were recorded for the peas with different types of use. The maximum difference was noted between garden and forage pea varieties. Dry pea varieties occupied an intermediate position. The complex of phenotypic traits identified determines the differences between three types of pea use, which is important when selecting the initial material for breeding appropriate varieties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.