vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJGB-22-81vavilov-3536Research ArticleМОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МАРКЕРЫ В ГЕНЕТИКЕ И СЕЛЕКЦИИMOLECULAR MARKERS IN GENETICS AND BREEDINGСкороспелость и морфотип сортов мягкой пшеницы Западной и Восточной СибириEarliness and morphotypes of common wheat cultivars of Western and Eastern SiberiaСмоленскаяС. Э.SmolenskayaS. E.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3035-8049ЕфимовВ. М.EfimovV. M.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1084-9521КручининаЮ. В.KruchininaY. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

НемцевБ. Ф.NemtsevB. F.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ЧепурновГ. Ю.ChepurnovG. Y.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ОвчинниковаЕ. С.OvchinnikovaE. S.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-4199БеланИ. А.BelanI. A.

Омск

Omsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4384ЗуевЕ. В.ZuevE. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

ЧжоуЧэньсиZhouChenxi

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9225-5227ПискаревВ. В.PiskarevV. V.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

ГончаровН. П.GoncharovN. P.

Новосибирск

Novosibirsk

gonch@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationСибирский научно-исследовательский институт растениеводства и селекции – филиал Федерального исследовательского центра Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Research Institute of Plant Production and Breeding – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationОмский аграрный научный центрРоссияOmsk Agrarian Scientific CenterRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian FederationНовосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation202229112022267662674Copyright © Смоленская С.Э., Ефимов В.М., Кручинина Ю.В., Немцев Б.Ф., Чепурнов Г.Ю., Овчинникова Е.С., Белан И.А., Зуев Е.В., Чжоу Ч., Пискарев В.В., Гончаров Н.П., 20222022Смоленская С.Э., Ефимов В.М., Кручинина Ю.В., Немцев Б.Ф., Чепурнов Г.Ю., Овчинникова Е.С., Белан И.А., Зуев Е.В., Чжоу Ч., Пискарев В.В., Гончаров Н.П.Smolenskaya S.E., Efimov V.M., Kruchinina Y.V., Nemtsev B.F., Chepurnov G.Y., Ovchinnikova E.S., Belan I.A., Zuev E.V., Zhou C., Piskarev V.V., Goncharov N.P.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3536

Глобальное и локальное изменение климата обусловливает создание высокоадаптивных сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы нового типа с оптимальной скороспелостью, отражающей региональные особенности климатических условий территорий ее возделывания. Методом главных компонент с использованием собственных данных и результатов, опубликованных другими исследователями, проведено сравнение 98 селекционных коммерческих сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы Западной и Восточной Сибири по морфотипу, времени районирования, длине вегетационного периода, массе 1000 зерен и характеру наследования ярового типа развития. Полиморфизм по доминантным генам Vrn, контролирующим яровость у селекционных сортов Сибири, минимален. У 75 % из них он контролируется дигенно доминантными Vrn-A1 и Vrn-B1; у 25 % – моногенно доминантными генами (у 24 сортов, из них у 19 и 5 соответственно только одним доминантным геном – Vrn-A1 или Vrn-B1). У одного сорта, Тулун 15, описан тригенный контроль. Подтвержден вывод об оптимальности для климатических условий как Западной, так и Восточной Сибири контроля яровости двумя доминантными генами Vrn. Ни у одного из сортов не обнаружено характерного для приграничных с Сибирью областей Китая и Центральной Азии доминантного гена Vrn-D1. Данное наблюдение может служить дополнительным аргументом в пользу гипотезы европейского происхождения сортимента Сибири. Выявлена повышенная частота встречаемости аллеля Vrn-B1с у сортов Западной Сибири и аллеля Vrn-B1а у сортов Восточной Сибири, что позволяет говорить об их селективности. Подтверждено преобладание красноколосых (ferrugineum, milturum) и остистых (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) разновидностей в Восточной Сибири, безостых и белоколосых (lutescens и albidum) – в Западной Сибири. Для Восточной Сибири характерны более мелкозерные сорта. Выполненная ретроспектива по годам районирования (включения в «Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию» РФ) позволяет отметить, что скороспелость/позднеспелость современных сортов Сибири не имеет ярко выраженной региональной компоненты, а является зональной (тайга, подтайга, лесостепь, степь).

The global and local climate changes determine the producing of highly-adaptive common (bread) wheat commercial cultivars of a new generation whose optimal earliness matches the climatic features of the territory where the cultivars are farmed. Principal component analysis involving our own and published data has been applied to investigate 98 commercial common wheat cultivars from Western and Eastern Siberia comparing their morphotypes; cultivar zoning time; length of the vegetation period; 1000-grain weight, and inheritance of spring growth habit. It demonstrated that the dominant Vrn gene polymorphism determining the spring growth habit of the Siberian cultivars was minimally polymorphic. In 75 % of the tested cultivars, the spring growth habit was controlled by digenic, namely dominant Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 genes. In 25 % of them (24 cultivars), spring growth habit is controlled by a single gene. In 19 and 5 of these cultivars spring growth habit is controlled by only one dominant gene, Vrn-B1 or Vrn-A1, respectively. In cv. Tulun 15, a trigenic control was identified. A conclusion about the optimality of the digenic control for the climatic conditions of both Western and Eastern Siberia has been confirmed. However, since none of the tested cultivars had the dominant Vrn-D1 gene typical of the regions of China and Central Asia bordering Siberia, it can be considered as an additional argument in favor of the European origin of Siberian common wheat cultivars. The revealed high frequency of the Vrn-B1c allele in the Western Siberian cultivars and the Vrn-B1a allele in the Eastern Siberian cultivars suggests their selectivity. The analysis also confirmed the dominance of red glume (ferrugineum, milturum) and awned spike (ferrugineum, erythrospermum) varieties in the Eastern Siberian cultivars, and white glume and awnedless spike (lutescens and albidum) ones in the Western Siberian cultivars. Small grain size cultivars are more typical of Eastern than Western Siberia. The retrospective analysis based on the cultivars’ zoning time included in the “State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage” brought us to the conclusion that the earliness/lateness of modern Siberian commercial cultivars was not regionally but rather zonally-associated (taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.