References

vavilov

Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding

2500-3259

Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS

10.18699/VJGB-22-85

vavilov-3540

Research Article

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

CURRENT BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS

Использование гаплоиндукторов кукурузы как инструмента в биотехнологии сельскохозяйственных растений

The use of maize haploidy inducers as a tool in agricultural plant biotechnology

Ульянов

А. В.

Ulyanov

A. V.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

Карлов

А. В.

Karlov

A. V.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328

Хатефов

Э. Б.

Khatefov

E. B.

Санкт-Петербург

St. Petersburg

haed1967@rambler.ru

Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР)РоссияFederal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)Russian Federation

Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет им. Н.Г. ЧернышевскогоРоссияSaratov State UniversityRussian Federation

2022

30112022

267704713

2022

Ульянов А.В., Карлов А.В., Хатефов Э.Б.

Ulyanov A.V., Karlov A.V., Khatefov E.B.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3540

Использование гаплоиндукторов в гибридной селекции растений является одним из перспективных и востребованных направлений в области репродуктивной биологии. Продолжается совершенствование уже существующих линий-гаплоиндукторов и поиск новых генов, способствующих повышению частоты гаплоидии. Наравне с этими исследованиями расширяется область применения гаплоиндукторов в генетике и селекции растений. Гаплоиндукторы, несущие гены R1-nj, которые маркируют антоциановую окраску верхушки зерновки и зародыш, используются не только для выявления гибридных зародышей (окрашенный зародыш) и гаплоидных генотипов (неокрашенный зародыш), но и для обнаружения генов, репрессирующих антоциановую окраску зерна, таких как как C1-I, C2-Idf, In1-D. В зависимости от количества генов изменяется их фенотипическое проявление в зерновке. Гаплоидия широко применяется для ускорения гибридной селекции и получения новых линий кукурузы с улучшенными признаками и их стерильных аналогов. Вводя те или иные гены в геном улучшаемой линии, селекционеры могут ускорить создание чистых линий, несущих нужный ген, методом дигаплоидной (DH) селекции. Гаплоиндукторные линии кукурузы и их тетраплоидные аналоги используются в селекции редиплоидных линий кукурузы методом ресинтеза из тетраплоидных генотипов. Фирма Syngenta в 2019 г. синтезировала гаплоиндукторную линию кукурузы, несущую в спермиях пыльцевого зерна конструкцию CRISPR/cas, которая способна к одновременному стимулированию гаплоидии и редактированию генома на заданном участке ДНК. Благодаря этой технологии стало возможным совершенствование линий гаплоиндукторов кукурузы с помощью введения различных конструкций CRISPR/cas в ее геном для редактирования на любом участке ДНК. Гаплоиндукторы кукурузы широко применяются в селекции дигаплоидной пшеницы. Первые опыты показали, что наиболее эффективным гаплоиндуктором для стимулирования гаплоидии на пшенице является пыльца кукурузы. Исследователи ведут интенсивный поиск других возможностей использования гаплоиндукторов кукурузы в селекции растений. В данном обзоре рассмотрено современное состояние в технологии гаплоиндукции у растений.

The discovery of the ability of some mutations to stimulate haploidy during hybridization made it possible to create one of the most promising and sought-after trends in the field of reproductive biology. Haploid inducers created on their basis are capable of increasing the frequency of haploidy up to 15 %. The improvement of the existing haploid inducer lines and the search for new genes that contribute to a high frequency of haploidy are underway. Along with these studies, the field of application of haploid inducers in genetics and plant breeding is expanding. Haploid inducers carrying R1-nj genes for anthocyanin pigmentation of the seed and embryo are able not only to mark the hybrid embryo and identify haploid genotypes, but also to detect genes that suppress the anthocyanin color of the grain, like C1-I, C2-Idf, and In1-D. Depending on their quantity, the phenotypic manifestation of the gene in the seed varies. Haploidy is widely used for accelerating hybrid breeding and obtaining both new maize lines with improved traits and their sterile counterparts. By introducing certain genes into the genome of the improved line, breeders can use the doubled haploid (DH) breeding technology to accelerate the creation of pure lines carrying the desired gene. Haploid inducer maize lines and their tetraploid analogs are used in the selection of rediploid maize lines by their resynthesis from tetraploid genotypes. In 2019, Syngenta Company synthesized a haploid inducer maize line carrying a CRISPR/cas construct capable of simultaneously stimulating haploidy and editing the genome at a specified DNA site. Thanks to this technology, it became possible to improve haploid inducers by introducing various CRISPR/cas constructs into the haploid inducer genome for editing any DNA site. Maize haploid inducers are widely used in doubled haploid wheat breeding. The first experiments showed that the most effective haploid inducer for stimulating haploidy in wheat is maize pollen. Researchers are intensively searching for other ways of using maize haploid inducers in plant breeding.

кукурузагаплоидиягаплоиндукторгаплоиддигаплоидтетраплоидредиплоид

maizehaploidyhaploid inducerhaploiddoubled haploidtetraploidrediploid

The present work was performed within the framework of the State Assignment, in accordance with the VIR Thematic Plan, Project No. 0481-2022-0001 “Structuring and revealing of the hereditary variability potential in the VIR global collection of cereal and groat crops for the development of an optimized genebank and for rational use in breeding and crop production”.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.