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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3576</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СИСТЕМНАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SYSTEMS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратификации и слоения  в фазовых портретах моделей генных сетей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Stratifications and foliations  in phase portraits of gene network models</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-3833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубятников</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubyatnikov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golubyatn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акиньшин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akinshin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минушкина</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minushkina</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт математики им. С.Л. Соболева Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский исследовательский институт Huawei<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Huawei Russian Research Institute<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>758</fpage><lpage>764</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Голубятников В.П., Акиньшин А.А., Аюпова Н.Б., Минушкина Л.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Голубятников В.П., Акиньшин А.А., Аюпова Н.Б., Минушкина Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golubyatnikov V.P., Akinshin A.A., Ayupova N.B., Minushkina L.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3576">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3576</self-uri><abstract><p>Периодические процессы функционирования широкого класса генных сетей с хорошей точностью описываются предельными циклами многомерных систем дифференциальных уравнений кинетического типа. Такие системы, часто называемые в литературе динамическими, составляются по схемам положительных и отрицательных связей между компонентами моделируемых сетей. Искомые функции в уравнениях описывают зависимость от времени концентраций этих компонент. При планировании вычислительных экспериментов с подобными математическими моделями полезно предварительно описать качественное поведение ансамблей траекторий соответствующих динамических систем, в частности оценить области максимального правдоподобия начальных данных, исследовать обратные задачи идентификации параметров, особые точки этих систем, локализовать в фазовых портретах положение циклов, в том числе предельных, стратифицировать фазовые портреты на подобласти с качественно различным поведением траекторий и т. п. Такой априорный геометрический анализ рассматриваемых моделей генных сетей полностью аналогичен хрестоматийному разделу начальных курсов математики «Исследование функций и построение графиков», в котором описываются методы наглядного представления поведения кривых, определяемых уравнениями. В настоящей  статье в фазовых портретах динамических систем, моделирующих функционирование кольцевых генных сетей, конструируются двумерные поверхности, инвариантные относительно сдвигов вдоль траекторий, – ансамбли траекторий. Просматривается естественная аналогия с классической конструкцией аналитической механики – с поверхностями уровня интегралов движения (энергия, импульс и др.). Такие поверхности образуют слоения в фазовых портретах динамических систем гамильтоновой механики. В отличие от задач механики, для рассматриваемых нами моделей генных сетей слоения, образуемые инвариантными поверхностями, имеют особенности, все их слои содержат на своих границах предельные циклы. Описание фазовых портретов динамических систем в терминах их стратификаций и ансамблей их траекторий позволит строить более реалистичные модели генных сетей с использованием аппарата статистической физики и теории стохастических дифференциальных уравнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Periodic processes of gene network functioning are described with good precision by periodic trajectories (limit cycles) of multidimensional systems of kinetic-type differential equations. In the literature, such systems are often called dynamical, they are composed according to schemes of positive and negative feedback between components of these networks. The variables in these equations describe concentrations of these components as functions of time. In the preparation of numerical experiments with such mathematical models, it is useful to start with studies of qualitative behavior of ensembles of trajectories of the corresponding dynamical systems, in particular, to estimate the highest likelihood domain of the initial data, to solve inverse problems of parameter identification, to list the equilibrium points and their characteristics, to localize cycles in the phase portraits, to construct stratification of the phase portraits to subdomains with different qualities of trajectory behavior, etc. Such an à priori geometric analysis of the dynamical systems is quite analogous to the basic section “Investigation of functions and plot of their graphs” of Calculus, where the methods of qualitative studies of shapes of curves determined by equations are exposed. In the present paper, we construct ensembles of trajectories in phase portraits of some dynamical systems. These ensembles are 2-dimensional surfaces invariant with respect to shifts along the trajectories. This is analogous to classical construction in analytic mechanics, i. e. the level surfaces of motion integrals (energy, kinetic moment, etc.). Such surfaces compose foliations in phase portraits of dynamical systems of Hamiltonian mechanics. In contrast with this classical mechanical case, the foliations considered in this paper have singularities: all their leaves have a non-empty intersection, they contain limit cycles on their boundaries. Description of the phase portraits of these systems at the level of their stratifications, and that of ensembles of trajectories allows one to construct more realistic gene network models on the basis of methods of statistical physics and the theory of stochastic differential equations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>осцилляции</kwd><kwd>положительные и отрицательные связи</kwd><kwd>модели генных сетей</kwd><kwd>фазовые  портреты</kwd><kwd>инвариантные о бласти и поверхности</kwd><kwd>инвариантные слоения</kwd><kwd>отображение Пуанкаре</kwd><kwd>теорема Гробмана–Хартмана</kwd><kwd>теорема Фробениуса–Перрона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oscillations</kwd><kwd>positive and negative feedbacks</kwd><kwd>gene network models</kwd><kwd>phase portraits</kwd><kwd>invariant domains and surfaces</kwd><kwd>invariant foliations</kwd><kwd>Poincaré map</kwd><kwd>Grobman–Hartman theorem</kwd><kwd>Frobenius–Perron theorem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was carried out within the framework of the state contract of the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics  (project No. FWNF-2022-0009  “Inverse problems of natural science and tomography problems”).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baritugo K.A., Kim H.T., David Y., Choi J.I., Hong S.H., Jeong K.J., Choi J.H., Joo J.C., Park S.J. 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