vavilovВавиловский журнал генетики и селекцииVavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding2500-3259Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS10.18699/VJ15.019vavilov-358Research ArticleБИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВPlant genetics and breedingПерспективы использования диких сородичей в селекции гороха (Pisum sativum L.)Prospects of the use of wild relatives for pea (Pisum sativum L.) breedingКостеринО. Э.KosterinO. E.kosterin@bionet.nsc.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», Новосибирск, Россия Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет», Новосибирск, РоссияРоссияInstitute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RussiaRussian Federation201504072015192154164Copyright © Костерин О.Э., 20152015Костерин О.Э.Kosterin O.E.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/358

Потенциал дикорастущих сородичей как важного источника генетического разнообразия для селекции далеко не исчерпан. У гороха они представлены видом Pisum fulvum и подвидом P. sativum subsp. еlatius. Дикорастущие представители подвида P. abyssinicum не известны. Дикие формы гороха характеризуются раскрываемостью (растрескиванием) зрелых бобов и баллистическим рассеиванием семян. Культурный горох представляет небольшую филетическую ветвь даже внутри P. sativum. Перспективные направления использования диких форм гороха: 1) устойчивость к вредителям и патогенам;2) устойчивость к абиотическому стрессу; 3) питательная и кормовая ценность; 4) агротехнические преимущества (ветвистость, зимостойкость и пр.); 5) симбиотическая азотфиксация. P. fulvum устойчив к гороховой зерновке, ржавчине, мучнистой росе и аскохитозу. Некоторые P. sativum subsp. elatius устойчивы к нематоде, заразихе, мучнистой росе, фузариозам, аскохитозу и белой гнили. Pisum sativum subsp. elatius реагируют на яйцекладку зерновки разрастаниями стенки боба, контролируемыми геном Np. Pisum abyssinicum устойчив к нематоде и стеблевой гнили. У P. fulvum высокая скорость роста корней, у некоторых P. sativum subsp. elatius снижена испаряемость влаги, а образец JI2055 из Италии выживает при –20 °С. QTL-анализ проведен для признаков устойчивости P. fulvum к зерновке, мучнистой росе и ржавчине и для устойчивости P. sativum subsp. elatius к заразихе, стеблевой гнили, аскохитозу. Получены интрогрессивные линии, перенесшие устойчивость к зерновке от P. fulvum к P. sativum. Практическому использованию диких форм гороха препятствует недостаточная информированность об их разнообразии и отличиях от культурных. Необходимо интенсифицировать исследования полезных свойств диких сородичей гороха и выявление их природного разнообразия, которое стремительно исчезает. 

The current global climate change results in shift and shrinkage of ranges of crop cultivation. The potential of crop wild relatives as an important source of genetic diversity for breeding is underestimated. Wild relatives of pea include the species P. fulvum and the subspecies P. sativum subsp. elatius, whereas wild representatives of P. abyssinicum are unknown. Wild peas are characterized by spontaneous dehiscence of pods and ballistic seed spread. The cultivated pea represents just a phyletic lineage within P. sativum. Pea crop wild relatives are promising with respect to: (1) resistance to pests and pathogens; (2) resistance to abiotic stress; (3) nutritional value; (4) agrotechnical advantages, e.g. branching, ability of hibernation etc.; (5) symbiotic nitrogen fixation (almost no data); etc. P. fulvum is resistant to pea weevil, rust, powdery mildew and ascochyta blight. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius are resistant to nematodes, broomrape, powdery mildew, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, root rot, ascochyta blight and white wilt. P. sativum subsp. elatius responds to weevil oviposition by neoplastic pustules of the pod wall controlled by the locus Np. Pisum abyssinicum shows resistance to nematodes and bacterial blight. P. fulvum has a high rate of root growth. Some P. sativum subsp. elatius accessions have lowered transpiration rates, and an accession from Italy survives at –20оС. Analyses of quantitative trait loci have been carried out for resistance of P. fulvum to pea weevil, powdery mildew and rust and for resistance of P. sativum subsp. elatius to broomrape, bacterial blight and ascochyta blight. Aryamanesh et al. (2012) obtained five introgression lines with pea weevil resistance transferred from P. fulvum to P. sativum. The practical use of wild peas is hampered by insufficient awareness of their diversity and differences from cultivated peas. Studies of useful traits of wild peas and their natural diversity, which is rapidly vanishing, should be intensified. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.