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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-22-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭВОЛЮЦИОННАЯ КОМПЬЮТЕРНАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фосфолипазы A2 человека:  функциональный и эволюционный анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Human phospholipases A2:  a functional and evolutionary analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-1468</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турнаев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turnaev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turn@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочарникова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharnikova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9738-1409</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афонников</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afonnikov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет; Курчатовский геномный центр ИЦиГ СО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; Kurchatov Genomic Center of ICG SB RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>787</fpage><lpage>797</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Турнаев И.И., Бочарникова М.Е., Афонников Д.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Турнаев И.И., Бочарникова М.Е., Афонников Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Turnaev I.I., Bocharnikova M.E., Afonnikov D.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3580">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3580</self-uri><abstract><p>Фосфолипазы A2 (PLA2) способны гидролизовать sn-2 положение глицерофосфолипидов для высвобождения жирных кислот и лизофосфолипидов. Ферменты семейства фосфолипазы A2 широко распространены и присутствуют в большинстве клеток и тканей млекопитающих, выполняя функции регулятора метаболизма, поддержания мембранного гомеостаза, производства липидных медиаторов, ремоделирования мембран, активации воспалительных реакций. Соответственно, нарушение PLA2-регулируемого липидного метаболизма часто приводит к различным заболеваниям. В настоящем исследовании были систематически собраны и описаны 29 генов PLA2 в геноме человека на основе анализа литературных данных и изучения последовательностей. Анализ локализации генов PLA2 в геноме человека показал, что они расположены на 12 хромосомах человека и некоторые из них образуют кластеры. Оценка значений величины RVIS (оценка толерантности генов к мутациям, которые накапливаются в популяции человека) демонстрирует, что гены фосфолипаз A2 типа G4, входящие в один из двух наиболее крупных кластеров (четыре гена), наиболее толерантны к мутациям. Напротив, пониженную толерантность к мутациям имеют локализованные вне кластеров гены, кодирующие фосфолипазы A2 типа G6 (фосфолипазы A2 G6B, G6F, G6C, G6A). Мы проанализировали также связи между фосфолипазами A2 и заболеваниями человека по литературным данным, в результате чего выявлены связи 24 генов PLA2 со 119 заболеваниями, относящимися к 18 группам. Описано 229 связей «болезнь–ген» фосфолипазы A2. Показано, что белки фосфолипаз A2 типов G4, G2 и G7 вовлечены в наибольшее число заболеваний по сравнению с другими типами PLA2. С наибольшим числом типов PLA2 были связаны три группы заболеваний: новообразования, болезни системы кровообращения и болезни эндокринной системы. Филогенетический анализ показал, что общее происхождение устанавливается только для секреторных PLA2 (G1, G2, G3, G5, G10 и G12). Остальные типы PLA2 (G4, G6, G7, G8, G15 и G16) можно считать эволюционно независимыми. В результате проведенного анализа установлено, что наиболее толерантные к мутациям фосфолипазы A2 у человека (типы G4, G2 и G7) вовлечены в наибольшее количество групп заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are capable of hydrolyzing the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids to release fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The PLA2 superfamily enzymes are widespread and present in most mammalian cells and tissues, regulating metabolism, remodeling the membrane and maintaining its homeostasis, producing lipid mediators and activating inflammatory reactions, so disruption of PLA2-regulated lipid metabolism often leads to various diseases. In this study, 29 PLA2 genes in the human genome were systematically collected and described based on literature and sequence analyses. Localization of the PLA2 genes in human genome showed they are placed on 12 human chromosomes, some of them forming clusters. Their RVI scores estimating gene tolerance to the mutations that accumulate in the human population demonstrated that the G4-type PLA2 genes belonging to one of the two largest clusters (4 genes) were most tolerant. On the contrary, the genes encoding G6-type PLA2s (G6B, G6F, G6C, G6A) localized outside the clusters had a reduced tolerance to mutations. Analysis of the association between PLA2 genes and human diseases found in the literature showed 24 such genes were associated with 119 diseases belonging to 18 groups, so in total 229 disease/PLA2 gene relationships were described to reveal that G4, G2 and G7-type PLA2 proteins were involved in the largest number of diseases if compared to other PLA2 types. Three groups of diseases turned out to be associated with the greatest number of PLA2 types: neoplasms, circulatory and endocrine system diseases. Phylogenetic analysis showed that a common origin can be established only for secretory PLA2s (G1, G2, G3, G5, G10 and G12). The remaining PLA2 types (G4, G6, G7, G8, G15 and G16) could be considered evolutionarily independent. Our study has found that the genes most tolerant to PLA2 mutations in humans (G4, G2, and G7 types) belong to the largest number of disease groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фосфолипаза А2</kwd><kwd>глицерофосфолипиды</kwd><kwd>заболевания человека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>phospholipase A2</kwd><kwd>glycerophospholipids</kwd><kwd>human diseases</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by budget project No. FWNR-2022-0020. 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