<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vavilov</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2500-3259</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the RAS</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18699/VJGB-23-04</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vavilov-3628</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ В ПОСТГЕНОМНУЮ ЭРУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL GENETICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетические основы буллезного эпидермолиза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular genetic basis of epidermolysis bullosa</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-8223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коталевская</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotalevskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotalevskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-331X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tomsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского; Благотворительный фонд «БЭЛА. Дети-бабочки»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute; Charitable Foundation “BELA. Butterfly Children”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коталевская Ю.Ю., Степанов В.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коталевская Ю.Ю., Степанов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotalevskaya Y.Y., Stepanov V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3628">https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3628</self-uri><abstract><p>Буллезный эпидермолиз (БЭ) – наследственное нарушение, вызывающее хрупкость кожи, обусловленную изменениями генов, отвечающих за целостность кожи и дермо-эпидермальную адгезию. Хрупкость кожи проявляется снижением устойчивости к внешним механическим воздействиям, клинические признаки которой – образование пузырей, эрозий и ран на коже и слизистых оболочках. Для БЭ характерен широкий фенотипический спектр, при тяжелых типах, кроме кожи и слизистых, отмечаются мультисистемность поражения и развитие внекожных осложнений, высокая летальность. Выделено более 30 клинических подтипов БЭ, сгруппированных в четыре основных типа: простой, пограничный, дистрофический БЭ и синдром Киндлера. На сегодняшний день БЭ обусловливают патогенные варианты в 16 различных генах, которые кодируют белки, входящие в состав крепящих структур кожи, и сигнальные белки. Генетические дефекты в этих генах служат причиной нарушения функции клеточных структур, процессов дифференцировки, пролиферации и апоптоза клеток, приводя к механической неустойчивости кожи. Образование укороченных белков или уменьшение их количества обуславливает в основном функциональные нарушения, формируя легкие или среднетяжелые фенотипы. При нулевых генетических вариантах, вследствие которых экспрессия белка утрачивается полностью, возникают структурные нарушения, влекущие тяжелую клиническую картину. Для большинства вовлеченных в патогенез БЭ генов обнаружены определенные связи между характером и локализацией генетических дефектов с тяжестью клинических проявлений заболевания. Установление точного диагноза зависит от корреляции клинических, генеалогических и иммуногистологических данных в сочетании с молекулярно-генетическим исследованием. В целом изучение клинических, генетических и ультраструктурных изменений при БЭ значительно расширяет понимание естественного течения заболевания и пополняет данные о корреляциях генотип-фенотип, способствует поиску и изучению эпигенетических и негенетических факторов-модификаторов заболевания, а также разработке подходов к радикальному лечению заболевания. Новые возможности технологий секвенирования позволили описать новые фенотипы и изучить их генетические и молекулярные механизмы. В настоящей статье описаны патогенетические аспекты и гены, вызывающие классические и редкие синдромальные подтипы БЭ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is an inherited disorder of skin fragility, caused by mutations in a large number of genes associated with skin integrity and dermal-epidermal adhesion. Skin fragility is manifested by a decrease in resistance to external mechanical influences, the clinical signs of which are the formation of blisters, erosions and wounds on the skin and mucous membranes. EB is a multisystemic disease and characterized by a wide phenotypic spectrum with extracutaneous complications in severe types, besides the skin and mucous membranes, with high mortality. More than 30 clinical subtypes have been identified, which are grouped into four main types: simplex EB, junctional EB, dystrophic EB and Kindler syndrome. To date, pathogenic variants in 16 different genes are associated with EB and encode proteins that are part of the skin anchoring structures or are signaling proteins. Genetic mutations cause dysfunction of cellular structures, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, leading to mechanical instability of the skin. The formation of reduced proteins or decrease in their level leads mainly to functional disorders, forming mild or intermediate severe phenotypes. Absent protein expression is a result of null genetic variants and leads to structural abnormalities, causing a severe clinical phenotype. For most of the genes involved in the pathogenesis of EB, certain relationships have been established between the type and position of genetic variant and the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Establishing an accurate diagnosis depends on the correlation of clinical, genealogical and immunohistological data in combination with molecular genetic testing. In general, the study of clinical, genetic and ultrastructural changes in EB has significantly expanded the understanding of the natural history of the disease and supplemented the data on genotype-phenotype correlations, promotes the search and study of epigenetic and non-genetic disease modifier factors, and also allows developing approaches to radical treatment of the disease. New advances of sequencing technologies have made it possible to describe new phenotypes and study their genetic and molecular mechanisms. This article describes the pathogenetic aspects and genes that cause main and rare syndromic subtypes of EB.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>буллезный эпидермолиз</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>корреляции генотип-фенотип</kwd><kwd>гетерогенность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidermolysis bullosa</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>genotype-phenotype correlations</kwd><kwd>heterogeneity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies for 2019–2027, agreement No. 075-15-2021-1061, RF 193021X0029).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arin M.J., Grimberg G., Schumann H., de Almeida H. Jr., Chang Y.- R., Tadini G., Kohlhase J., Krieg T., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Has C. Identification of novel and known KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in 53 patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlation between genotype and phenotype. Br. J. Dermatol. 2010;162(6):1365-1369. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09657.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arin M.J., Grimberg G., Schumann H., de Almeida H. Jr., Chang Y.- R., Tadini G., Kohlhase J., Krieg T., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Has C. Identification of novel and known KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in 53 patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlation between genotype and phenotype. Br. J. Dermatol. 2010;162(6):1365-1369. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09657.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asaka T., Akiyama M., Domon T., Nishie W., Natsuga K., Fujita Y., Abe R., Kitagawa Y., Shimizu H. Type XVII collagen is a key player in tooth enamel formation. Am. J. Pathol. 2009;174(1):91-100. DOI 10.2353/AJPATH.2009.080573.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asaka T., Akiyama M., Domon T., Nishie W., Natsuga K., Fujita Y., Abe R., Kitagawa Y., Shimizu H. Type XVII collagen is a key player in tooth enamel formation. Am. J. Pathol. 2009;174(1):91-100. DOI 10.2353/AJPATH.2009.080573.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aumailley M., el Khal A., Knöss N., Tunggal L. Laminin 5 processing and its integration into the ECM. Matrix Biol. 2003;22(1):49-54. DOI 10.1016/S0945-053X(03)00013-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aumailley M., el Khal A., Knöss N., Tunggal L. Laminin 5 processing and its integration into the ECM. Matrix Biol. 2003;22(1):49-54. DOI 10.1016/S0945-053X(03)00013-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bardhan A., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Chapple I.L.C., Fine J.-D., Harper N., Has C., Magin T.M., Marinkovich M.P., Marshall J.F., McGrath J.A., Mellerio J.E., Polson R., Heagerty A.H. Epidermolysis bullosa. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2020;6(1):78. DOI 10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bardhan A., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Chapple I.L.C., Fine J.-D., Harper N., Has C., Magin T.M., Marinkovich M.P., Marshall J.F., McGrath J.A., Mellerio J.E., Polson R., Heagerty A.H. Epidermolysis bullosa. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2020;6(1):78. DOI 10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bolling M.C., Lemmink H.H., Jansen G.H.L., Jonkman M.F. Mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75 % of the patients. Br. J. Dermatol. 2011;164(3):637-644. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10146.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolling M.C., Lemmink H.H., Jansen G.H.L., Jonkman M.F. Mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75 % of the patients. Br. J. Dermatol. 2011;164(3):637-644. DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.10146.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruckner-Tuderman L., Mcgrath J.A., Robinson E.C., Uitto J. Progress in Epidermolysis bullosa research: summary of DEBRA International Research Conference 2012. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2013;133(9): 2121-2126. DOI 10.1038/jid.2013.127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruckner-Tuderman L., Mcgrath J.A., Robinson E.C., Uitto J. Progress in Epidermolysis bullosa research: summary of DEBRA International Research Conference 2012. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2013;133(9): 2121-2126. DOI 10.1038/jid.2013.127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bunick C.G., Milstone L.M. The X-ray crystal structure of the keratin 1-keratin 10 helix 2B heterodimer reveals molecular surface properties and biochemical insights into human skin disease. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017;137(1):142-150. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunick C.G., Milstone L.M. The X-ray crystal structure of the keratin 1-keratin 10 helix 2B heterodimer reveals molecular surface properties and biochemical insights into human skin disease. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017;137(1):142-150. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M., Keene D.R., Costa F.K., Tahk S.H., Woodley D.T. The carboxyl terminus of type VII collagen mediates antiparallel dimer formation and constitutes a new antigenic epitope for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autoantibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276(24):21649-21655. DOI 10.1074/JBC.M100180200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M., Keene D.R., Costa F.K., Tahk S.H., Woodley D.T. The carboxyl terminus of type VII collagen mediates antiparallel dimer formation and constitutes a new antigenic epitope for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita autoantibodies. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276(24):21649-21655. DOI 10.1074/JBC.M100180200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung H.J., Uitto J. Type VII collagen: the anchoring fibril protein at fault in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Dermatol. Clin. 2010; 28(1):93-105. DOI 10.1016/J.DET.2009.10.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung H.J., Uitto J. Type VII collagen: the anchoring fibril protein at fault in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Dermatol. Clin. 2010; 28(1):93-105. DOI 10.1016/J.DET.2009.10.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Condrat I., He Y., Cosgarea R., Has C. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: allelic heterogeneity and mutation stratification for precision medicine. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2019;5:363. DOI 10.3389/fmed.2018.00363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Condrat I., He Y., Cosgarea R., Has C. Junctional epidermolysis bullosa: allelic heterogeneity and mutation stratification for precision medicine. Front. Med. (Lausanne). 2019;5:363. DOI 10.3389/fmed.2018.00363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhanoa B.S., Cogliati T., Satish A.G., Bruford E.A., Friedman J.S. Update on the Kelch-like (KLHL) gene family. Hum. Genomics. 2013;7(1):13. DOI 10.1186/1479-7364-7-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhanoa B.S., Cogliati T., Satish A.G., Bruford E.A., Friedman J.S. Update on the Kelch-like (KLHL) gene family. Hum. Genomics. 2013;7(1):13. DOI 10.1186/1479-7364-7-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dogic D., Rousselle P., Aumailley M. Cell adhesion to laminin 1 or 5 induces isoform-specific clustering of integrins and other focal adhesion components. J. Cell Sci. 1998;111(Pt. 6):793-802. DOI 10.1242/JCS.111.6.793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dogic D., Rousselle P., Aumailley M. Cell adhesion to laminin 1 or 5 induces isoform-specific clustering of integrins and other focal adhesion components. J. Cell Sci. 1998;111(Pt. 6):793-802. DOI 10.1242/JCS.111.6.793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fine J.-D. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2010; 5:12. DOI 10.1186/1750-1172-5-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fine J.-D. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 2010; 5:12. DOI 10.1186/1750-1172-5-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganani D., Malovitski K., Sarig O., Gat A., Sprecher E., Samuelov L. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to bi-allelic DST mutations: Case series and review of the literature. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2021;38(2): 436-441. DOI 10.1111/pde.14477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganani D., Malovitski K., Sarig O., Gat A., Sprecher E., Samuelov L. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to bi-allelic DST mutations: Case series and review of the literature. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2021;38(2): 436-441. DOI 10.1111/pde.14477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gostyńska K.B., Nijenhuis M., Lemmink H., Pas H.H., Pasmooij A.M.G., Lang K.K., Castañón M.J., Wiche G., Jonkman M.F. Mutation in exon 1a of PLEC, leading to disruption of plectin isoform 1a, causes autosomal-recessive skin-only epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2015;24(11):3155-3162. DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddv066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gostyńska K.B., Nijenhuis M., Lemmink H., Pas H.H., Pasmooij A.M.G., Lang K.K., Castañón M.J., Wiche G., Jonkman M.F. Mutation in exon 1a of PLEC, leading to disruption of plectin isoform 1a, causes autosomal-recessive skin-only epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2015;24(11):3155-3162. DOI 10.1093/hmg/ddv066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grilletta E.A. Cardiac transplant for epidermolysis bullosa simplex with KLHL24 mutation-associated cardiomyopathy. JAAD Case Rep. 2019;5(10):912-914. DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.08.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grilletta E.A. Cardiac transplant for epidermolysis bullosa simplex with KLHL24 mutation-associated cardiomyopathy. JAAD Case Rep. 2019;5(10):912-914. DOI 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.08.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Bauer J.W., Bodemer C., Bolling M.C., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Diem A., Fine J.-D., Heagerty A., Hovnanian A., Marinkovich M.P., Martinez A.E., McGrath J.A., Moss C., Murrell D.F., Palisson F., Schwieger-Briel A., Sprecher E., Tamai K., Uitto J., Woodley D.T., Zambruno G., Mellerio J.E. Consensus reclassification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders with skin fragility. Br. J. Dermatol. 2020a;183(4):614-627. DOI 10.1111/bjd.18921.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Bauer J.W., Bodemer C., Bolling M.C., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Diem A., Fine J.-D., Heagerty A., Hovnanian A., Marinkovich M.P., Martinez A.E., McGrath J.A., Moss C., Murrell D.F., Palisson F., Schwieger-Briel A., Sprecher E., Tamai K., Uitto J., Woodley D.T., Zambruno G., Mellerio J.E. Consensus reclassification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders with skin fragility. Br. J. Dermatol. 2020a;183(4):614-627. DOI 10.1111/bjd.18921.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. The genetics of skin fragility. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2014;15(1):245-268. DOI 10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025540.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. The genetics of skin fragility. Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet. 2014;15(1):245-268. DOI 10.1146/annurev-genom-090413-025540.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Castiglia D., del Rio M., Garcia Diez M., Piccinni E., Kiritsi D., Kohlhase J., Itin P., Martin L., Fischer J., Zambruno G., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Kindler syndrome: Extension of FERMT1 mutational spectrum and natural history. Hum. Mutat. 2011;32(11):1204-1212. DOI 10.1002/HUMU.21576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Castiglia D., del Rio M., Garcia Diez M., Piccinni E., Kiritsi D., Kohlhase J., Itin P., Martin L., Fischer J., Zambruno G., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Kindler syndrome: Extension of FERMT1 mutational spectrum and natural history. Hum. Mutat. 2011;32(11):1204-1212. DOI 10.1002/HUMU.21576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Chang Y.-R., Volz A., Hoeping D., Kohlhase J., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Novel keratin 14 mutations in patients with severe recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2006; 126(8):1912-1914. DOI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Chang Y.-R., Volz A., Hoeping D., Kohlhase J., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Novel keratin 14 mutations in patients with severe recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2006; 126(8):1912-1914. DOI 10.1038/sj.jid.5700312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Fischer J. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: New diagnostics and new clinical phenotypes. Exp. Dermatol. 2019;28(10):1146-1152. DOI 10.1111/exd.13668.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Fischer J. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: New diagnostics and new clinical phenotypes. Exp. Dermatol. 2019;28(10):1146-1152. DOI 10.1111/exd.13668.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Nyström A. Epidermal basement membrane in health and disease. Curr. Top. Membr. 2015;76:117-170. DOI 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.05.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Nyström A. Epidermal basement membrane in health and disease. Curr. Top. Membr. 2015;76:117-170. DOI 10.1016/bs.ctm.2015.05.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., South A., Uitto J. Molecular therapeutics in development for epidermolysis bullosa: Update 2020. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 2020b; 24(3):299-309. DOI 10.1007/s40291-020-00466-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., South A., Uitto J. Molecular therapeutics in development for epidermolysis bullosa: Update 2020. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 2020b; 24(3):299-309. DOI 10.1007/s40291-020-00466-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Has C., Spartà G., Kiritsi D., Weibel L., Moeller A., Vega-Warner V., Waters A., He Y., Anikster Y., Esser P., Straub B.K., Hausser I., Bockenhauer D., Dekel B., Hildebrandt F., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Laube G.F. Integrin α3 mutations with, lung, and skin disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012;366(16):1508-1514. DOI 10.1056/NEJMOA1110813.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Has C., Spartà G., Kiritsi D., Weibel L., Moeller A., Vega-Warner V., Waters A., He Y., Anikster Y., Esser P., Straub B.K., Hausser I., Bockenhauer D., Dekel B., Hildebrandt F., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Laube G.F. Integrin α3 mutations with, lung, and skin disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012;366(16):1508-1514. DOI 10.1056/NEJMOA1110813.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hovnanian A., Rochat A., Bodemer C., Petit E., Rivers C.A., Prost C., Fraitag S., Christiano A.M., Uitto J., Lathrop M., Barrandon Y., de Prost Y. Characterization of 18 new mutations in COL7A1 in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa provides evidence for distinct molecular mechanisms underlying defective anchoring fibril formation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1997;61(3):599-610. DOI 10.1086/515495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hovnanian A., Rochat A., Bodemer C., Petit E., Rivers C.A., Prost C., Fraitag S., Christiano A.M., Uitto J., Lathrop M., Barrandon Y., de Prost Y. Characterization of 18 new mutations in COL7A1 in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa provides evidence for distinct molecular mechanisms underlying defective anchoring fibril formation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1997;61(3):599-610. DOI 10.1086/515495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karamatic Crew V., Burton N., Kagan A., Green C.A., Levene C., Flinter F., Brady R.L., Daniels G., Anstee D.J. CD151, the first member of the tetraspanin (TM4) superfamily detected on erythrocytes, is essential for the correct assembly of human basement membranes in kidney and skin. Blood. 2004;104(8):2217-2223. DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karamatic Crew V., Burton N., Kagan A., Green C.A., Levene C., Flinter F., Brady R.L., Daniels G., Anstee D.J. CD151, the first member of the tetraspanin (TM4) superfamily detected on erythrocytes, is essential for the correct assembly of human basement membranes in kidney and skin. Blood. 2004;104(8):2217-2223. DOI 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiritsi D., Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Laminin 332 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Cell Adh. Migr. 2013;7(1):135-141. DOI 10.4161/CAM.22418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiritsi D., Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Laminin 332 in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Cell Adh. Migr. 2013;7(1):135-141. DOI 10.4161/CAM.22418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiritsi D., Kern J.S., Schumann H., Kohlhase J., Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variability in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J. Med. Genet. 2011;48(7):450-457. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2010.086751.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiritsi D., Kern J.S., Schumann H., Kohlhase J., Has C., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variability in junctional epidermolysis bullosa. J. Med. Genet. 2011;48(7):450-457. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2010.086751.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kiritsi D., Tsakiris L., Schauer F. Plectin in skin fragility disorders. Cells. 2021;10(10):2738. DOI 10.3390/cells10102738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiritsi D., Tsakiris L., Schauer F. Plectin in skin fragility disorders. Cells. 2021;10(10):2738. DOI 10.3390/cells10102738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koss-Harnes D., Høyheim B., Anton-Lamprecht I., Gjesti A., Jørgensen R.S., Jahnsen F.L., Olaisen B., Wiche G., Gedde-Dahl T. A sitespecific plectin mutation causes dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex Ogna: two identical de novo mutations. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2002;118(1):87-93. DOI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01591.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koss-Harnes D., Høyheim B., Anton-Lamprecht I., Gjesti A., Jørgensen R.S., Jahnsen F.L., Olaisen B., Wiche G., Gedde-Dahl T. A sitespecific plectin mutation causes dominant epidermolysis bullosa simplex Ogna: two identical de novo mutations. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2002;118(1):87-93. DOI 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01591.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar V., Bouameur J.E., Bär J., Rice R.H., Hornig-Do H.T., Roop D.R., Schwarz N., Brodesser S., Thiering S., Leube R.E., Wiesner R.J., Brazel C.B., Heller S., Binder H., Löffler-Wirth H., Seibel P., Magin T.M. A keratin scaffold regulates epidermal barrier formation, mitochondrial lipid composition, and activity. J. Cell Biol. 2015; 211(5):1057-1075. DOI 10.1083/JCB.201404147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar V., Bouameur J.E., Bär J., Rice R.H., Hornig-Do H.T., Roop D.R., Schwarz N., Brodesser S., Thiering S., Leube R.E., Wiesner R.J., Brazel C.B., Heller S., Binder H., Löffler-Wirth H., Seibel P., Magin T.M. A keratin scaffold regulates epidermal barrier formation, mitochondrial lipid composition, and activity. J. Cell Biol. 2015; 211(5):1057-1075. DOI 10.1083/JCB.201404147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lai-Cheong J.E., McGrath J.A. Kindler syndrome. In: Murrell D. (Ed.). Blistering Diseases: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, Treatment. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2022;433-439. DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-45698-9_43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lai-Cheong J.E., McGrath J.A. Kindler syndrome. In: Murrell D. (Ed.). Blistering Diseases: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, Treatment. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer, 2022;433-439. DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-45698-9_43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Yue Z., Wang H., Li M., Wu X., Lin H., Han W., Lan S., Sun L. A novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation in an ILNEB syndrome child with slow progression. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2021;523:430-436. DOI 10.1016/J.CCA.2021.10.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Yue Z., Wang H., Li M., Wu X., Lin H., Han W., Lan S., Sun L. A novel ITGA3 homozygous splice mutation in an ILNEB syndrome child with slow progression. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2021;523:430-436. DOI 10.1016/J.CCA.2021.10.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Margadant C., Charafeddine R.A., Sonnenberg A. Unique and redundant functions of integrins in the epidermis. FASEB J. 2010;24(11): 4133-4152. DOI 10.1096/fj.09-151449.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Margadant C., Charafeddine R.A., Sonnenberg A. Unique and redundant functions of integrins in the epidermis. FASEB J. 2010;24(11): 4133-4152. DOI 10.1096/fj.09-151449.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariath L.M., Santin J.T., Frantz J.A., Doriqui M.J.R., Schuler-Faccini L., Kiszewski A.E. Genotype-phenotype correlations on epidermolysis bullosa with congenital absence of skin: A comprehensive review. Clin. Genet. 2021;99(1):29-41. DOI 10.1111/cge.13792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariath L.M., Santin J.T., Frantz J.A., Doriqui M.J.R., Schuler-Faccini L., Kiszewski A.E. Genotype-phenotype correlations on epidermolysis bullosa with congenital absence of skin: A comprehensive review. Clin. Genet. 2021;99(1):29-41. DOI 10.1111/cge.13792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mariath L.M., Santin J.T., Schuler-Faccini L., Kiszewski A.E. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An. Bras. Dermatol. 2020;95(5):551-569. DOI 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mariath L.M., Santin J.T., Schuler-Faccini L., Kiszewski A.E. Inherited epidermolysis bullosa: update on the clinical and genetic aspects. An. Bras. Dermatol. 2020;95(5):551-569. DOI 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Masunaga T., Ogawa J., Akiyama M., Nishikawa T., Shimizu H., Ishiko A. Compound heterozygosity for novel splice site mutations of ITGA6 in lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. J. Dermatol. 2017;44(2):160-166. DOI 10.1111/1346-8138.13575.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masunaga T., Ogawa J., Akiyama M., Nishikawa T., Shimizu H., Ishiko A. Compound heterozygosity for novel splice site mutations of ITGA6 in lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia. J. Dermatol. 2017;44(2):160-166. DOI 10.1111/1346-8138.13575.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsumura H., Mohri Y., Thanh Binh N., Morinaga H., Fukuda M., Ito M., Kurata S., Hoeijmakers J., Nishimura E.K. Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis. Science. 2016;351(6273):aad4395. DOI 10.1126/science.aad4395.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsumura H., Mohri Y., Thanh Binh N., Morinaga H., Fukuda M., Ito M., Kurata S., Hoeijmakers J., Nishimura E.K. Hair follicle aging is driven by transepidermal elimination of stem cells via COL17A1 proteolysis. Science. 2016;351(6273):aad4395. DOI 10.1126/science.aad4395.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murrell D.F., Pasmooij A.M.G., Pas H.H., Marr P., Klingberg S., Pfendner E., Uitto J., Sadowski S., Collins F., Widmer R., Jonkman M.F. Retrospective diagnosis of fatal BP180-deficient non- Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa suggested by immunofluorescence (IF) antigen-mapping of parental carriers bearing enamel defects. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2007;127(7):1772-1775. DOI 10.1038/SJ.JID.5700766.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murrell D.F., Pasmooij A.M.G., Pas H.H., Marr P., Klingberg S., Pfendner E., Uitto J., Sadowski S., Collins F., Widmer R., Jonkman M.F. Retrospective diagnosis of fatal BP180-deficient non- Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa suggested by immunofluorescence (IF) antigen-mapping of parental carriers bearing enamel defects. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2007;127(7):1772-1775. DOI 10.1038/SJ.JID.5700766.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natsuga K. Plectin-related skin diseases. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2015;77(3): 139-145. DOI 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.11.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsuga K. Plectin-related skin diseases. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2015;77(3): 139-145. DOI 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.11.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natsuga K., Nishie W., Shinkuma S., Arita K., Nakamura H., Ohyama M., Osaka H., Kambara T., Hirako Y., Shimizu H. Plectin deficiency leads to both muscular dystrophy and pyloric atresia in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum. Mutat. 2010;31(10):E1687-E1698. DOI 10.1002/humu.21330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsuga K., Nishie W., Shinkuma S., Arita K., Nakamura H., Ohyama M., Osaka H., Kambara T., Hirako Y., Shimizu H. Plectin deficiency leads to both muscular dystrophy and pyloric atresia in epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Hum. Mutat. 2010;31(10):E1687-E1698. DOI 10.1002/humu.21330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pânzaru M.C., Caba L., Florea L., Braha E.E., Gorduza E.V. Epidermolysis bullosa – a different genetic approach in correlation with genetic heterogeneity. Diagnostics. 2022;12(6):1325. DOI 10.3390/diagnostics12061325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pânzaru M.C., Caba L., Florea L., Braha E.E., Gorduza E.V. Epidermolysis bullosa – a different genetic approach in correlation with genetic heterogeneity. Diagnostics. 2022;12(6):1325. DOI 10.3390/diagnostics12061325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pasmooij A.M.G., van der Steege G., Pas H.H., Sillevis Smitt J.H., Nijenhuis A.M., Zuiderveen J., Jonkman M.F. Features of epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to mutations in the ectodomain of type XVII collagen. Br. J. Dermatol. 2004;151(3):669-674. DOI 10.1111/J.1365-2133.2004.06041.X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pasmooij A.M.G., van der Steege G., Pas H.H., Sillevis Smitt J.H., Nijenhuis A.M., Zuiderveen J., Jonkman M.F. Features of epidermolysis bullosa simplex due to mutations in the ectodomain of type XVII collagen. Br. J. Dermatol. 2004;151(3):669-674. DOI 10.1111/J.1365-2133.2004.06041.X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prodinger C., Chottianchaiwat S., Mellerio J.E., McGrath J.A., Ozoemena L., Liu L., Moore W., Laimer M., Petrof G., Martinez A.E. The natural history of laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome: A case series of six pediatric patients and literature review. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2021;38(5):1094-1101. DOI 10.1111/PDE.14790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prodinger C., Chottianchaiwat S., Mellerio J.E., McGrath J.A., Ozoemena L., Liu L., Moore W., Laimer M., Petrof G., Martinez A.E. The natural history of laryngo-onycho-cutaneous syndrome: A case series of six pediatric patients and literature review. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2021;38(5):1094-1101. DOI 10.1111/PDE.14790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rognoni E., Ruppert R., Fässler R. The kindlin family: functions, signaling properties and implications for human disease. J. Cell Sci. 2016;129(1):17-27. DOI 10.1242/JCS.161190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rognoni E., Ruppert R., Fässler R. The kindlin family: functions, signaling properties and implications for human disease. J. Cell Sci. 2016;129(1):17-27. DOI 10.1242/JCS.161190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sathishkumar D., Orrin E., Terron-Kwiatkowski A., Browne F., Martinez A.E., Mellerio J.E., Ogboli M., Hoey S., Ozoemena L., Liu L., Baty D., McGrath J.A., Moss C. The p.Glu477Lys mutation in keratin 5 is strongly associated with mortality in generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016;136(3):719-721. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sathishkumar D., Orrin E., Terron-Kwiatkowski A., Browne F., Martinez A.E., Mellerio J.E., Ogboli M., Hoey S., Ozoemena L., Liu L., Baty D., McGrath J.A., Moss C. The p.Glu477Lys mutation in keratin 5 is strongly associated with mortality in generalized severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016;136(3):719-721. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sawamura D., Goto M., Yasukawa K., Sato-Matsumura K., Nakamura H., Ito K., Nakamura H., Tomita Y., Shimizu H. Genetic studies of 20 Japanese families of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J. Hum. Genet. 2005;50(10):543-546. DOI 10.1007/S10038-005-0290-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sawamura D., Goto M., Yasukawa K., Sato-Matsumura K., Nakamura H., Ito K., Nakamura H., Tomita Y., Shimizu H. Genetic studies of 20 Japanese families of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J. Hum. Genet. 2005;50(10):543-546. DOI 10.1007/S10038-005-0290-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schumann H., Kiritsi D., Pigors M., Hausser I., Kohlhase J., Peters J., Ott H., Hyla-Klekot L., Gacka E., Sieron A.L., Valari M., Bruckner- Tuderman L., Has C. Phenotypic spectrum of epidermolysis bullosa associated with α6β4 integrin mutations. Br. J. Dermatol. 2013; 169(1):115-124. DOI 10.1111/bjd.12317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schumann H., Kiritsi D., Pigors M., Hausser I., Kohlhase J., Peters J., Ott H., Hyla-Klekot L., Gacka E., Sieron A.L., Valari M., Bruckner- Tuderman L., Has C. Phenotypic spectrum of epidermolysis bullosa associated with α6β4 integrin mutations. Br. J. Dermatol. 2013; 169(1):115-124. DOI 10.1111/bjd.12317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong G., Xu R. The role of collagen XVII in regulating keratinocyte migration. Lab. Invest. 2004;84(10):1225-1226. DOI 10.1038/labinvest.3700168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong G., Xu R. The role of collagen XVII in regulating keratinocyte migration. Lab. Invest. 2004;84(10):1225-1226. DOI 10.1038/labinvest.3700168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uitto J., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Christiano A.M., McGrath J.A., Has C., South A.P., Kopelan B., Robinson E.C. Progress toward treatment and cure of epidermolysis bullosa: Summary of the DEBRA international research symposium EB2015. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016; 136(2):352-358. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2015.10.050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uitto J., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Christiano A.M., McGrath J.A., Has C., South A.P., Kopelan B., Robinson E.C. Progress toward treatment and cure of epidermolysis bullosa: Summary of the DEBRA international research symposium EB2015. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016; 136(2):352-358. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2015.10.050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uitto J., Christiano A.M. Molecular genetics of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Perspectives on epidermolysis bullosa and other blistering skin diseases. J. Clin. Invest. 1992;90(3):687-692. DOI 10.1172/JCI115938.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uitto J., Christiano A.M. Molecular genetics of the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Perspectives on epidermolysis bullosa and other blistering skin diseases. J. Clin. Invest. 1992;90(3):687-692. DOI 10.1172/JCI115938.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uitto J., Chung-Honet L.C., Christiano A.M. Molecular biology and pathology of type VII collagen. Exp. Dermatol. 1992;1(1):2-11. DOI 10.1111/J.1600-0625.1992.TB00065.X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uitto J., Chung-Honet L.C., Christiano A.M. Molecular biology and pathology of type VII collagen. Exp. Dermatol. 1992;1(1):2-11. DOI 10.1111/J.1600-0625.1992.TB00065.X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uitto J., Has C., Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Molecular pathology of the basement membrane zone in heritable blistering diseases: The paradigm of epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol. 2017;57-58;76-85. DOI 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uitto J., Has C., Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Bruckner-Tuderman L. Molecular pathology of the basement membrane zone in heritable blistering diseases: The paradigm of epidermolysis bullosa. Matrix Biol. 2017;57-58;76-85. DOI 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Saeidian A.H., Mozafari N., Barzegar M., Sotoudeh S., Daneshpazhooh M., Isaian A., Zeinali S., Uitto J. KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in epidermolysis bullosa simplex with phenotypic heterogeneity, and evidence of semidominant inheritance in a multiplex family. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016;136(9): 1897-1901. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Saeidian A.H., Mozafari N., Barzegar M., Sotoudeh S., Daneshpazhooh M., Isaian A., Zeinali S., Uitto J. KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in epidermolysis bullosa simplex with phenotypic heterogeneity, and evidence of semidominant inheritance in a multiplex family. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2016;136(9): 1897-1901. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Saeidian A.H., Uitto J. Phenotypic spectrum of epidermolysis bullosa: The paradigm of syndromic versus non-syndromic skin fragility disorders. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2019;139(3):522-527. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vahidnezhad H., Youssefian L., Saeidian A.H., Uitto J. Phenotypic spectrum of epidermolysis bullosa: The paradigm of syndromic versus non-syndromic skin fragility disorders. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2019;139(3):522-527. DOI 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Akker P.C., Jonkman M.F., Rengaw T., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Has C., Bauer J.W., Klausegger A., Zambruno G., Castiglia D., Mellerio J.E., Mcgrath J.A., van Essen A.J., Hofstra R.M.W., Swertz M.A. The international dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patient registry: an online database of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients and their COL7A1 mutations. Hum. Mutat. 2011;32(10): 1100-1107. DOI 10.1002/humu.21551.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Akker P.C., Jonkman M.F., Rengaw T., Bruckner-Tuderman L., Has C., Bauer J.W., Klausegger A., Zambruno G., Castiglia D., Mellerio J.E., Mcgrath J.A., van Essen A.J., Hofstra R.M.W., Swertz M.A. The international dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patient registry: an online database of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa patients and their COL7A1 mutations. Hum. Mutat. 2011;32(10): 1100-1107. DOI 10.1002/humu.21551.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Bergh F., Giudice G.J. BP180 (type XVII collagen) and its role in cutaneous biology and disease. Adv. Dermatol. 2003;19:37-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Bergh F., Giudice G.J. BP180 (type XVII collagen) and its role in cutaneous biology and disease. Adv. Dermatol. 2003;19:37-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varki R., Sadowski S., Pfendner E., Uitto J. Epidermolysis bullosa. I. Molecular genetics of the junctional and hemidesmosomal variants. J. Med. Genet. 2006;43(8):641-652. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2005.039685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varki R., Sadowski S., Pfendner E., Uitto J. Epidermolysis bullosa. I. Molecular genetics of the junctional and hemidesmosomal variants. J. Med. Genet. 2006;43(8):641-652. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2005.039685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varki R., Sadowski S., Uitto J., Pfendner E. Epidermolysis bullosa. II. Type VII collagen mutations and phenotype-genotype correlations in the dystrophic subtypes. J. Med. Genet. 2007;44(3):181-192. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2006.045302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varki R., Sadowski S., Uitto J., Pfendner E. Epidermolysis bullosa. II. Type VII collagen mutations and phenotype-genotype correlations in the dystrophic subtypes. J. Med. Genet. 2007;44(3):181-192. DOI 10.1136/JMG.2006.045302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang R., Sun L., Habulieti X., Liu J., Guo K., Yang X., Ma D., Zhang X. Novel variants in LAMA3 and COL7A1 and recurrent variant in KRT5 underlying epidermolysis bullosa in five Chinese families. Front. Med. 2022;16(5):808-814. DOI 10.1007/S11684-021-0878-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang R., Sun L., Habulieti X., Liu J., Guo K., Yang X., Ma D., Zhang X. Novel variants in LAMA3 and COL7A1 and recurrent variant in KRT5 underlying epidermolysis bullosa in five Chinese families. Front. Med. 2022;16(5):808-814. DOI 10.1007/S11684-021-0878-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wertheim-Tysarowska K., Ołdak M., Giza A., Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A., Sota J., Przybylska D., Woźniak K., Śniegórska D., Niepokój K., Sobczyńska-Tomaszewska A., Rygiel A.M., Płoski R., Bal J., Kowalewski C. Novel sporadic and recurrent mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes in Polish epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients: further insights into epidemiology and genotype-phenotype correlation. J. Appl. Genet. 2016;57(2):175-181. DOI 10.1007/s13353-015-0310-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wertheim-Tysarowska K., Ołdak M., Giza A., Kutkowska-Kaźmierczak A., Sota J., Przybylska D., Woźniak K., Śniegórska D., Niepokój K., Sobczyńska-Tomaszewska A., Rygiel A.M., Płoski R., Bal J., Kowalewski C. Novel sporadic and recurrent mutations in KRT5 and KRT14 genes in Polish epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients: further insights into epidemiology and genotype-phenotype correlation. J. Appl. Genet. 2016;57(2):175-181. DOI 10.1007/s13353-015-0310-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodley D.T., Hou Y., Martin S., Li W., Chen M. Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa using site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2008;283(26):17838-17845. DOI 10.1074/JBC.M709452200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodley D.T., Hou Y., Martin S., Li W., Chen M. Characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying mutations in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa using site-directed mutagenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 2008;283(26):17838-17845. DOI 10.1074/JBC.M709452200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright J.T., Carrion I.A., Morris C. The molecular basis of hereditary enamel defects in humans. J. Dent. Res. 2015;94(1):52-61. DOI 10.1177/0022034514556708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright J.T., Carrion I.A., Morris C. The molecular basis of hereditary enamel defects in humans. J. Dent. Res. 2015;94(1):52-61. DOI 10.1177/0022034514556708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X., Luo S., Wu J., Zhang L., Wang W.-hui, Degan S., Erdmann D., Hall R., Zhang J.Y. KIND1 loss sensitizes keratinocytes to UV-induced inflammatory response and DNA damage. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017;137(2):475-483. DOI 10.1016/J.JID.2016.09.023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X., Luo S., Wu J., Zhang L., Wang W.-hui, Degan S., Erdmann D., Hall R., Zhang J.Y. KIND1 loss sensitizes keratinocytes to UV-induced inflammatory response and DNA damage. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2017;137(2):475-483. DOI 10.1016/J.JID.2016.09.023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
